Abstract

Purpose: To describe the barriers and challenges in the medical care management of a group of migrants living with HIV who received medical assistance through the Spanish Public Health Care Services. Materials and Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. The inclusion criteria comprised patients with a confirmed serological diagnosis of HIV whose countries of origin were in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, or Eastern Europe. A total of 21 patients were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved in-depth interviews and researcher field notes. A thematic analysis was performed, and trustworthiness criteria were applied. Results: Two themes were identified that illustrate the barriers to healthcare in migrants living with HIV: a) Personal beliefs and the social and family environment, participants often remain in contact with members of their culture and/or ethnic group of origin, and their environment can hinder help-seeking, treatment adherence, or open communication about their illness; b) The healthcare environment, where obstacles and challenges faced by participants are described in relation to the healthcare environment, the healthcare system, and healthcare providers. Conclusions: The results of this study provide a foundation for developing a roadmap of relevant patient-reported outcomes in HIV care. These insights can guide the implementation of improved healthcare strategies for migrants living with HIV. KEY MESSAGES • Personal beliefs and the family and social environment of migrants with HIV can create barriers to seeking care. • Expectations about health care in the host country, along with administrative difficulties, can delay diagnosis and treatment. • Limited coordination between primary care and hospitals, as well as lack of awareness of available resources, further delays access to timely care. Este artículo presenta un estudio cualitativo descriptivo cuyo objetivo fue analizar las barreras y desafíos en la atención sanitaria de personas migrantes que viven con VIH y que reciben asistencia en el sistema público de salud en España. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 21 pacientes procedentes de América Latina, el Caribe, África y Europa del Este, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. La información se recogió a través de entrevistas en profundidad y notas de campo de los investigadores, aplicando un análisis temático con criterios de rigor cualitativo. Los resultados identificaron dos grandes temas que muestran las barreras en la atención médica de los migrantes con VIH: a)Creencias personales y entorno social y familiar, donde las influencias culturales, el contacto con comunidades de origen y la falta de comunicación abierta sobre la enfermedad dificultan la búsqueda de ayuda y la adherencia al tratamiento; b) Entorno sanitario, donde se señalan obstáculos relacionados con el propio sistema de salud y los profesionales, incluyendo demoras en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, expectativas no cumplidas respecto a la atención en el país de acogida, dificultades administrativas, escasa coordinación entre atención primaria y hospitalaria, y desconocimiento de los recursos disponibles. En conclusión, el estudio aporta información clave para desarrollar estrategias de mejora en la atención a migrantes con VIH, orientadas a superar barreras personales, sociales y estructurales, y a optimizar la respuesta del sistema sanitario.
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TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

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Martín-Sanz MB, Martin-Segarra O, Palacios-Ceña D, Gil-Crujera A, Gómez-Sánchez SM, Velasco-Arribas M. Real-world experience of barriers to diagnosis, early detection and disease management among migrants living with HIV in Spain: a qualitative study. Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2543520. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2543520. Epub 2025 Aug 5. PMID: 40764264; PMCID: PMC12326376.

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