Xenophobic Hate Speech on Social Media Through Messages Disseminated on the X Platform

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dc.contributor.authorPalella Stracuzzi, Santa
dc.contributor.authorSánchez Esparza, Marta
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-18T15:02:22Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-12
dc.description.abstractThe social network X facilitates the spread of hate speech. The Hatemedia project (2021-2024) examines hate expressions in digital environments linked to Spanish news media, using a Hate Monitor developed through data mining. A key result is a library categorizing five types of hate: general, political, sexual, misogynistic, and xenophobic. This study focuses on xenophobic messages on X from June to November 2024, highlighting the negative portrayal of immigrants. It concludes that these messages create a stigmatizing narrative, with news media significantly contributing to their dissemination, raising questions about editorial responsibility and content moderation policies.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis paper is a partial result of the project “Hatemedia: Taxonomy, Presence and Intensity of Hate Speech in Digital Environments Linked to Spanish Professional Media.” Hatemedia (PID2020- 114584GB-I00), funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/5011000110.
dc.identifier.citationPalella Stracuzzi, S., & Sánchez Esparza, M. (2025). Xenophobic Hate Speech on Social Media Through Messages Disseminated on the X Platform. VISUAL REVIEW. International Visual Culture Review Revista Internacional De Cultura Visual, 17(2), 281–297. https://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v17.5764
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v17.5764
dc.identifier.issn2695-9631
dc.identifier.publicationfirstpage281
dc.identifier.publicationissue17
dc.identifier.publicationlastpage297
dc.identifier.publicationtitleVisual Review. International Visual Culture Review
dc.identifier.publicationvolume2
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10115/132617
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherVisualCOM Scientific Publications
dc.rightsAttribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectX
dc.subjectHate Speech
dc.subjectXenophobia
dc.subjectDigital media
dc.subjectSocial networks
dc.subjectSocial representation
dc.subjectInmigrants
dc.titleXenophobic Hate Speech on Social Media Through Messages Disseminated on the X Platform
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.hasVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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