The role of blockchain-related technologies in transforming the tourism and hospitality industry: an overview and research guidelines

Abstract

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the relationship between the implementation of blockchain in the tourism and hospitality industry (T&HI) and its state-of-the-art. The aim is also to identify emerging research topics and gaps in this area. Design/methodology/approach – A bibliometric overview is presented to examine articles from Web of Science published between 2018 and January 2024. The analysis was performed by VOSviewer software using the co-occurrence technique. Findings – The results reveal the growing interest in blockchain technologies (BCT) applications in the T&HI. To reveal the conceptual structure and emerging research hotspots in this area, seven clusterswere identified along with their interrelationships. This paper discusses the features and attributes of BCT mechanisms, including cryptocurrencies, distributed ledgers, smart contracts and consensus algorithms. The analysis highlights the drivers for increasing adoption and acceptance to promote smart tourism, transparency, trustworthiness and disintermediation. This paper explores the use of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in the metaverse to promote authenticity and enhance tourists’ experiences, with emphasis on achieving cost-effectiveness and sustainability in the T&HI. In addition, key challenges are identified,with a focus on security and privacy. Practical implications – This study provides timely and valuable insights concerning the application of BCT in the T&HI. It elucidates the factors that contribute to the optimal implementation of BCT, such as the collaboration between stakeholders and the key role of regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, it considers the implications for the design of new services towards enhancing sustainability and customer experiences. Originality/value – This paper presents the first bibliometric analysis of the use of BCT in the T&HI. It identifies research gaps and future research avenues, which can guide further investigation in this area. This study provides valuable information for organisations, managers and academics who are considering future applications, benefits and challenges in the field of sustainability issues and technology acceptance.