Point-of-care ultrasound in tropical infections: Expanding frontline diagnostics.

Abstract

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool in tropical medicine, particularly in settings with limited access to advanced imaging. Its portability, non-invasiveness, and ability to provide real-time information make it especially valuable for evaluating infectious diseases endemic to tropical and subtropical regions. In conditions such as malaria, visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease, POCUS can aid in the detection of complications including hepatosplenomegaly, effusions, cardiac involvement, and raised intracranial pressure. It also aids in the assessment of cutaneous parasitic infections and secondary bacterial complications. Beyond diagnosis, ultrasound has demonstrated utility in monitoring treatment response and identifying patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes. This review summarizes the most relevant ultrasonographic findings across major tropical infections, offering a practical approach for clinicians working in endemic areas. As an extension of the physical examination, POCUS enhances clinical decision-making and represents a feasible, impactful tool in resource-limited settings.