Association between functional autonomy and nutritional status in older adults: A scoping review

Abstract

Introduction Functional autonomy and nutritional status are critical for health and quality of life in community‑dwelling older adults. Evidence suggests a reciprocal association between these domains, yet findings remain fragmented due to heterogeneous study designs and assessment measures. Clarifying this link is essential for informing integrated strategies to prevent frailty and promote active ageing. Methods A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science identified studies in English or Spanish from the past five years. Eligible studies included older adults (≥60 years) living in the community and assessed both autonomy (BADL/IADL) and nutritional status. Data extraction covered design, tools, findings and contextual factors. A descriptive synthesis mapped concepts and gaps. Results Thirteen studies met criteria. Greater autonomy, especially in instrumental activities, was associated with better nutritional status, while functional dependence was associated with a higher risk of malnutrition. Declining autonomy was associated with subsequent nutritional deterioration. Depression and social isolation moderated outcomes. Common tools included the Barthel Index, Lawton–Brody Scale, Katz Index and the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Conclusions This contribution may be relevant for community and primary care practice, where different health and social care professionals increasingly work together to address functional autonomy and nutrition as closely related aspects of active and healthy ageing