AI in the newsroom: A case study of investigative journalists in Spain

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism is transforming professional roles, skills and attitudes, especially in investigative journalism. This study analyses how investigative journalists in Spain perceive the impact of AI on their job profile and what skills are emerging in the face of this disruption. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design, a representative sample was surveyed to obtain data on technologies used, automated tasks, perceived occupational risks, and training actions. The results reveal a progressive transformation of functions, without the direct creation or elimination of profiles, and a clear trend towards self-training. Emerging skills include advanced digital literacy, the strategic use of AI tools and the reinforcement of interpretative skills. It is concluded that a hybrid profile of the investigative journalist is emerging, where AI does not replace but redefines the profession by requiring a combination of technological and narrative skills.