Calonge Reillo, Fernando2025-07-302025-07-302025-04-18Calonge-Reillo, F. (2025). Tokenism: A Cognitive Dissonance Reduction Strategy for the General Self-Assessment of Environmentally Responsible Behavior. Sustainability and Climate Change, 18(2), 106–118. 10.1089/scc.2025.00051937-0695 (print)1937-0709 (online)https://hdl.handle.net/10115/96497Amidst growing environmental concerns, this study explores the psychological underpinnings of individuals' self-assessment of their general environmental behaviour. By analysing data from the 2023 Spanish General Social Survey, by the Centre for Sociological Research, we find that individuals' positive self-assessment of their environmental conduct is weakly correlated with specific pro-environmental actions, particularly those involving high costs. Conversely, it is found that specific behaviours that incur in low costs are the most significant determinants of individuals' positive self-assessment of their overall environmental behaviour. These results support the hypothesis that individuals engage in tokenistic behaviours as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance and maintaining a positive self-image as environmentally responsible.enArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1089/scc.2025.0005info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess