Heldal , RogardtNguyen, Ngoc-ThanhMoreira , AnaLago , PatriciaDuboc , LeticiaBetz , StefanieCoroamă , Vlad C.Penzenstadler, BirgitPorras , JariCapilla, RafaelBrooks , IanOyedeji , SholaVenters , Colin C.2025-07-162025-07-162024Heldal, R., Nguyen, N., Moreira, A., Lago, P., Duboc, L., Betz, S., Coroamă, V. C., Penzenstadler, B., Porras, J., Capilla, R., Brooks, I., Oyedeji, S., & Venters, C. C. (2024). Sustainability competencies and skills in software engineering: An industry perspective. Journal of Systems and Software, 211, 111978. 10.1016/j.jss.2024.111978https://hdl.handle.net/10115/92737The authors would like to thank all the interviewees who took part in the study and the reviewers for their valuable feedback. This work is supported by SFI SmartOcean NFR, Norway Project 309612/F40, by KISS, United States (16DHBKI061) with the financial support of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany, by NOVA LINCS, Portugal (UIDB/04516/2020) with the financial support of FCT.IP, Portugal , Portugal, by the Catalan Government (Departament de Recerca i Universitats) for the grant 2021 SGR 01396 given to the HER group, and by the funding from the VU Digital Sustainability Center (DiSC), the Netherlands.Context: Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) demands a shift by industry, governments, society, and individuals to reach adequate levels of awareness and actions to address sustainability challenges. Software systems will play an important role in moving towards these targets. Sustainability skills are necessary to support the development of software systems and to provide sustainable IT-supported services for citizens. Gap: While there is a growing number of academic bodies including sustainability education in engineering and computer science curricula, there is not yet comprehensive research on the competencies and skills required by IT professionals to develop such systems. Research goal: This study aims to identify the industrial sustainability needs for education and training from software engineers’ perspective. For this, we answer the following questions: (1) what are the interests of organisations with an IT division with respect to sustainability? (2) what do organisations want to achieve with respect to sustainability, and how? and (3) what are the sustainability-related competencies and skills that organisations need to achieve their sustainability goals? Methodology: We conducted a qualitative study with interviews and focus groups with experts from twenty-eight organisations with an IT division from nine countries to understand their interests, goals, and achievements related to sustainability, and the skills and competencies needed to achieve their goals. Results: Our findings show that organisations are interested in sustainability, both idealistically and increasingly for core business reasons. They seek to improve the sustainability of software processes and products but encounter difficulties, like the trade-off between short-term financial profitability and long-term sustainability goals or an unclear understanding of sustainability concepts from a software engineering perspective. To fill these gaps, they have promoted in-house training courses, collaborated with universities, and sent employees to external training. The acquired competencies should support translating environmental and social benefits into economic ones and make sustainability an integral part of software development.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/SustainabilitySoftware engineeringEducationSoftware competenciesSustainable development goalsSkillsArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.111978info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess