Examinando por Autor "Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar"

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Benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics consumption in long-COVID-19 patients: Gender differences and associated factors
(Frontiers, 2022-09-08) Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, César; Hernández-Barrera, Valentín; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo; Jiménez-Trujillo, Isabel; Gallardo-Pino, Carmen
Background: Psychotropic drug consumption has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe here the prevalence and identifying factors associated with Benzodiazepine (BZD) and Z-hypnotics use among a sample of Spanish adults suffering from long-COVID-19 syndrome, from a gender perspective. Materials and methods: Data were anonymously collected between 15th December 2021 and 15th March 2022. The collection form consisted of several questions gathering sociodemographic information, post-COVID symptom, health profile, and pharmacological drug intake. Using logistic multivariate regression models, we estimated the independent effect of each of these variables on self-medicated consumption. Three models were generated (female, male, and both gender). Results: Prevalence of BZD and Z-hypnotics use was 44.9% (46.5% for women; 37.8% for men). Zolpidem was the most consumed drug among male (20.7%), and lorazepam in female (31.1%). Patterns of drug consumption among female were related with number of post-COVID symptoms and smoking habit (AOR 2.76, 95%CI 1.16-6.52). Males under 40 years of age are more likely to consume BZD and Z-hypnotics (AOR 5.52, 95%CI 1.08-28.27). Conclusion: The prevalence of consumption of BZD and Z-hypnotics in those subjects with long-COVID-19 in our study reaches values of 44.9%. Women with long-COVID-19 declare a higher prevalence of consumption than men. Predictors of BZD and Z-hypnotic in men were, age and number of medication use. Smoking habit and the number of post-COVID symptoms were predictive variables in women.
Gender Differences in the Nonmedical Use of Psychoactive Medications in the School Population- National Trends and Related Factors
(BMC, 2019-10-21) Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Jiménez-Trujillo, Isabel; Hernández-Barrera, Valentín; Alonso-Fernández, Nazaret; García-Gómez-Heras, Soledad; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo
Publicación científica en revista indexada con índice de calidad relativo, incluida en los catálogos del Journal Citation Reports (JCR) del Science Citation Index. La revista científica International BMC Pediatrics pertenece al segundo cuartil (Q2) de su categoría: Pediatrics-SCIE: 59/128. Factor de Impacto en el año 2019: 1.909 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31630682/ Este artículo deriva de un Proyecto de Investigación financiado por del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, dentro de la convocatoria de Acción Estratégica de Salud: Proyectos de Investigación en Salud, con referencia PI16/ 00691. Investigadora Principal: Pilar Carrasco Garrido.
Inequalities in the use of gynecological visits and preventive services for breast and cervical cancer in Roma women in Spain.
(Springer, 2020-04) Usera-Clavero, Marisa; Gil-González, Diana; La Parra-Casado, Daniel; Vives-Cases, Carmen; Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Caballero, Pablo
Objectives: The Roma population in Spain makes up about two percent of the population and has worse health indicators than the general population. We analyzed both populations in 2006 and 2014 to discover whether there are differences in terms of gynecological visits and preventive services for breast and cervical cancer in Spain. Methods: Cross-sectional study is based on the Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS) of 2006 and 2012 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population (NHSRP) of 2006 and 2014. Results: Roma women used gynecological visits less than the general population in 2006 (ORa 0.5 [0.4; 0.6] and in 2014 (ORa 0.2 [0.2; 0.3)]. In addition, use of the mammogram was lower in Roma women (ORa 0.7 [0.6; 0.8]), especially in the ages of the screening tests, and they had lower probability of receiving cervical examinations in 2006 (ORa 0.5 [0.4; 0.6]) and in 2014 (ORa 0.7 [0.6; 0.9]). Conclusions: This study shows that the inequality gap in gynecological visits and preventive services for breast and cervical cancer in Roma women has persisted during the years studied (2006 and 2014), despite Spanish prevention policies.
Nationwide Population-Based Study About Patterns of Prescription Opioid Use and Misuse Among Young Adults in Spain
(Frontiers, 2022-08-19) Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Gallardo-Pino, Carmen; Jiménez-Trujillo, Isabel; Hernández-Barrera, Valentín; García-Gómez-Heras, Soledad; Lima Florencio, Lidiane; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo
Objective: Prescription opioid misuse has become one of the most common ways drugs are consumed among young adults. The objective of our study was to describe the prevalence and factors associated with prescription opioid use and misuse among young adults living in Spain. Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional epidemiological study on the use and misuse of prescription opioids in Spanish Youngers. We used individualized secondary data provided by the Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs in Spain 2017-2018. Results: Prevalence of prescription opioid use among young adults was 4.89%. Misuse among this population reached prevalence values of 13.4%, with higher values observed among women . The variables associated with a greater probability of prescription opioid use and misuse were misuse of tranquilizers, sedatives, and sleeping pills, along with using cannabis and other illicit psychoactive drugs (aOR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.10-8.15). Conclusion: Prescription opioid use and misuse in Youngers has important implications for the Spanish public health system, because, even though not currently comparable to the situation in other countries, this drug use could be on the verge of creating similar problems.
Prescription Opioid Misuse Among School-Aged Adolescents: Gender Differences and Related Factors
(2022-11-16) Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo; Jiménez-Trujillo, Isabel; Hernández-Barrera, Valentín; Lima Florencio, Lidiane; García-Gómez-Heras, Soledad; Gallardo-Pino, Carmen
Prescription opioid misuse has become one of the most frequent types of drug consumption among adolescents. Our objective was to report the prevalence, gender differences, and factors associated with prescription opioid misuse in school-aged adolescents. An observational study was conducted. We used the Spanish State Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education 2018–2019, which covers drug use among students aged 14–18 years. Based on logistic multivariate regression models, we estimated the independent effect of each variable on prescription opioid misuse. Prescription opioid misuse was reported by 554 adolescents, with a greater prevalence in boys than girls (OR = 2.72). Misuse of tranquilizers, sedatives, sleeping pills, and other illicit psychoactive drugs (AOR = 9.32) are risk factors for prescription opioid misuse in both genders. Use of cannabis (AOR = 3.23) and cocaine (AOR = 2.28) is the predictor of prescription opioid misuse in females. There are differences in risk factors for prescription opioid misuse by gender.
The Effects of Early Onset Tranquilizers, Sedatives, and Sleeping Pills Use on Recent Consumption Among Adolescents
(2022-02) Cobo, Beatriz; Pulido, José; Pascual, Sara; Sáiz, Ana; Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Carabantes-Alarcón, David; Sordo, Luis
Background: Adolescents' consumption of tranquilizers, sedatives, and sleeping pills (TSSp) has increased during the last few decades, and TSSp are currently among the substances with the lowest age-of-onset. We characterized current-use patterns of TSSp consumers by age when first taken. Methods: This study used individualized secondary data retrieved from the 2016 Spanish State Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education (16-18-year-olds), and included all subjects who reported having taken TSSp at any point, but excluded those who had started during the previous year (n = 1502). Logistic regression models were used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associations between early TSSp consumption (<14 years) and current TSSp use patterns, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Results: About 17.9% of respondents had taken TSSp (average age-of-onset = 13.7) and 45% of these without a prescription. TSSp consumption at <14 years was higher for males and nonrepeaters. Having begun to use TSSp < 14 years was associated with both higher probability of consumption in the last month (aOR = 1.41; 95%CI:1.12-1.77) and daily/almost daily consumption in the last month (aOR = 1.56; 95CI%:1.16-2.08). Conclusions: The results of this study show there is a high proportion of 16 to 18 TSSp student consumers both prescribed and nonprescribed; it also establishes that early onset-of-use is associated with higher levels of intensive use later on.
The experience of being a mother with end stage renal disease: A qualitative study of women receiving treatment at an ambulatory dialysis unit
(PLoS One, 2021-09-27) Álvarez-Villareal, Miriam; Velarde-García, Juan Francisco; García-Bravo, Cristina; Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Jiménez-Antona, Carmen; Moro-López-Menchero, Paloma; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo
Background: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has considerable effects on the quality of life, impairing daily activities and leading to lifestyle changes. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the experience of motherhood and taking care of children in women with ESKD. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted based on an interpretive framework. Participants were recruited using non-probabilistic purposeful sampling. In total, 14 women with ESKD were included, who were treated at the dialysis unit of a Spanish hospital. In-depth interviews (unstructured and semi-structured interviews) and researchers' field notes were used to collect the data. A systematic text condensation analysis was performed. The techniques performed and application procedures used to control trustworthiness were credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Results: Three themes emerged from the data. "Coping with being a mother" described how women are faced with the decision to become mothers and assess the risks of pregnancy. The second theme, called "Children and the experience of illness", highlighted the women's struggle to prevent the disease from affecting their children emotionally or disrupting their lives. The third theme, "Fear of genetic transmission", was based on the women's fear of passing the disease on to their children. Conclusions: Deciding to become a mother and taking care of children represents a challenge for women with ESKD, coupled with the losses in their lives caused by the disease. These findings are only relevant to women on dialysis.
The Perspective of Physical Education Teachers in Spain Regarding Barriers to the Practice of Physical Activity among Immigrant Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Study.
(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI), 2021-05-24) Marconnot, Romain; Pérez-Corrales, Jorge; Cuenca-Zaldívar, Juan Nicolás; Güeita-Rodríguez, Javier; Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; García-Bravo, Cristina; Solera-Hernández, Eva; Gutiérrez Gómez-Calcerrada, Sonia; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo
Physical activity (PA) contributes to the development of children and adolescents and to their mental and physical health. The practice of PA in the school context can contribute towards generating a more inclusive educational community for immigrant children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to describe the perspectives of Spanish physical education (PE) teachers on the practice of PA among immigrant children and adolescents. This research was a qualitative exploratory study. A purposeful sampling strategy was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes. Twenty teachers were recruited. An inductive thematic analysis and content analysis were applied. The following topics were identified: (a) Professional expectations; (b) Economic resources; (c) Integration; (d) Family; (e) Religious beliefs and practices; and (f) Gender difference. A predominance of positive emotions was identified in the narratives, and the most repeated words in word clouds were 'Caribbean', 'Latin', and 'population'. These findings help to identify PA barriers for immigrant children and adolescents and may contribute to the creation of PA-based interventions in social and educational contexts.
Time trends in leisure time physical activity and physical fitness in elderly people: 20 year followup of the Spanish population national health survey (1987-2006)
(2011) Palacios Ceña, Domingo; Alonso-Blanco, Cristina; Jiménez-Garcia, Rodrigo; Hernández-Barrera, Valentín; Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Pileño Martínez, Elena; Fernández de las Peñas, César
Background: To estimate trends in leisure time physical activity and physical fitness between 1987-2006 in older Spanish people. Methods: We analyzed data collected from the Spanish National Health Surveys conducted in 1987 (n = 29,647), 1993 (n = 20,707), 1995-1997 (n = 12,800), 2001 (n = 21,058), 2003 (n = 21,650), and 2006 (n = 29,478). The number of subjects aged ¿ 65 years included in the current study was 29,263 (1987: n = 4,958-16.7%; 1993: n = 3,751- 17.8%; 1995-97: n = 2,229-17.4%; 2001: n = 4,356-20.7%; 2003: 6,134-28.3%; 2006: 7,835-26.5%). Main variables included leisure-time physical activity and physical fitness. We analyzed socio-demographic characteristics, self-rated health status, lifestyle habit and co-morbid conditions using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Women exhibited lower prevalence of leisure time physical activity and physical fitness compared to men (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis for time trends found that practising leisure time physical activity increased from 1987 to 2006 (P < 0.001). Variables associated with a lower likelihood of practicing leisure time physical activity were: age ¿ 80 years old, ¿ 2 co-morbid chronic conditions, and obesity. Variables associated with lower physical fitness included: age ¿ 80 years, worse self rated health; ¿ 2 medications (only for walking), and obesity. Conclusions: We found an increase in leisure time physical activity in the older Spanish population. Older age, married status, co-morbid conditions, obesity, and worse self-perceived health status were associated with lower activity. Identification of these factors can help to identify individuals at risk for physical inactivity.
Trends in the Misuse of Tranquilizers, Sedatives, and Sleeping Pills by Adolescents in Spain, 2004-2014
(Elsevier, 2018-12) Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar; Jiménez-Trujillo, Isabel; Hernández-Barrera, Valentín; García-Gómez-Heras, Soledad; Alonso-Fernández, Nazaret; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo
PURPOSE: Misuse of prescription medication has increased during the last 20 years among adolescents and young adults. We aimed to report the prevalence and factors associated with misuse of tranquilizers, sedatives, and sleeping pills (TSSp) in high-school students in Spain. We also analyzed misuse of these drugs during the decade 2004-2014. METHODS: Nationwide, epidemiological, cross-sectional study on the misuse of TSSp by the Spanish school population. We used individualized secondary data retrieved from the 2004 and 2014 Spanish State Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education. A total of 179,114 surveys respondents aged 14-18 years. Estimates and trends of previous 30 days misuse of TSSp. RESULTS: The prevalence of TSSp misuse among school population aged 14-18-years increased significantly from 2004 (2.40%) to 2014 (2.96%). The values for consumption were always greater in adolescent girls than boys throughout the study (3.51% vs. 2.18%). The variables associated with a greater probability of TSSp misuse were consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Students who reported consumption of an illicit drug other than marijuana during the previous year are 4.91 times more likely to misuse TSSp (adjusted odds ratio = 4.91; 95% confidence interval, 4.15-5.81). CONCLUSIONS: We found that misuse of TSSp by adolescents in Spain has significantly increased from 2004 to 2014. Misuse of TSSp was more likely in adolescent girls than Spanish boys. Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana consumption are factors associated with the use of TSSp