Envíos recientes
La incorporación de la salud comunitaria en la planificación y transformación del entorno urbano. Informe SESPAS 2018
(Elsevier, 2018-09-21) Galarraga, Patxi; Vives, Miren; Cabrera-Manzano, David; Urda, Lucila; Brito, Mariela; Gea-Caballero, Vicente
El entorno urbanizado y edificado forma parte de los determinantes de la salud; también de la salud comunitaria. Por ello, pretendemos analizar la influencia del desarrollo urbanístico sobre la salud pública y comunitaria desde una perspectiva de género, la participación ciudadana en los proyectos de urbanismo y la accesibilidad. A partir de una revisión documental y un análisis narrativo, apoyado en la experiencia individual de los/las autores/as, encontramos diversos proyectos que ofrecen muy buenas condiciones para introducir la salud comunitaria en la planificación o la transformación de la ciudad: centros y patios escolares, vacíos urbanos y edificios en desuso, itinerarios urbanos para el paseo, y diversas actuaciones sobre el tejido residencial del barrio/municipio. En ellos, los procesos participativos, impulsados por instituciones o por la ciudadanía, que se desarrollan en el marco de proyectos de diagnóstico urbano y elaboración de planes y proyectos constituyen una doble oportunidad para trabajar en salud comunitaria: por un lado, considerándola como un objetivo, y por el otro, como una herramienta para diseñar entornos promotores del bienestar de la comunidad. La incorporación ciudadana y la colaboración de todos los agentes implicados, teniendo en cuenta su diversidad, es esencial y una responsabilidad compartida entre la Administración local y supralocal y la ciudadanía. La normativa debe construirse para ser facilitadora de los procesos, y su aplicación debe permitir que la población sea protagonista en la transformación de entornos favorecedores del bienestar y la salud.
Psychological interventions for healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2023-04-01) Varela, Carmen; Moreno, Mike; Serrano-Ibáñez, Elena-Rocío; de la Vega, Ariadna; Pulido, Almudena
El objetivo de esta publicación fue analizar la efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas para profesionales sanitarios que estaban dirigidas a reducir el impacto en su salud mental debido a la exposición a la pandemia COVID-19. Se identificaron 405 estudios de los que finalmente se incluyeron 10 en la presente revisión sistemática. Sólo se tuvieron en consideración estudios que fueran ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. El proceso de cribado y selección fue llevado a cabo por dos revisores independientes. Todos los estudios presentaron resultados en los que encontraban ansiedad, depresión y estrés. 6 estudios utilizaron nuevas tecnologías. Los más efectivos fueron las dos intervenciones psicológicas que mantuvieron un contacto frecuente y otorgaban feedback a través de un profesional de la salud mental. Las intervenciones psicológicas, comparadas con los grupos de no intervención, mostraron significativamente más resultados que aquellas comparadas con otras intervenciones. Las implicaciones prácticas a resaltar de esta revisión son la necesidad y urgencia de diseñar intervenciones psicológicas efectivas hacia los profesionales sanitarios para reducir su burnout asociado al trabajo. Dichas intervenciones deberán mantener en el tiempo, deben ser llevadas a cabo por un profesional y deben proporcionarse desde el lugar de trabajo. Estas propuestas presentan resultados prometedores, sin embargo se trata más de recursos psicológicos que de intervenciones psicológicas.
The Current Mental Health of Healthcare Workers 3 years after the Start of the Pandemic: The relationship between coping strategies and Indices of Mental Health
(SAGE Open, 2023-12) Serrano-Ibáñez, Elena-Rocío; de la Vega, Ariadna; Varela, Carmen; Montero, Mike; Pulido, Almudena
Healthcare workers have been a vulnerable group during the pandemic. Even today, they continue to deal with the virus and its consequences. Such sustained stress over time has led to the development of mental health problems that may still be present in this population. These may be related to the coping strategies that are being implemented to manage this situation. This study aimed to examine the mental health of health professionals after the end of the acute phase of the pandemic and investigate which coping strategies predicted levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout. A total of 285 healthcare workers were assessed. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were performed. The result showed (a) levels of mild to-moderate depressive symptomatology, moderate levels of stress and anxiety symptomatology, and a medium level of burnout; and (b) acceptance, behavioral disengagement, negation, substance use, and active coping as the strategies most implicated in this symptomatology. Interventions that help health professionals to develop adaptive coping strategies, thus avoiding or reducing the development of psychological symptoms, should be implemented.
Carpal tunnel syndrome in the workplace. Triggers, coping strategies, and economic impact: A qualitative study from the perspective of women manual workers
(Elsevier, 2023-08-15) Moro López-Menchero, Paloma; Fernández de las Peñas, César; Güeita Rodríguez, Javier; Gómez Sánchez, Stella Maris; Gil Crujera, Antonio; Palacios Ceña, Domingo
Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may lead to significant work limitations, especially in female manual workers. There is scarce evidence on the perspective of female manual workers with CTS.
Purpose: To explore the perspective of female workers who suffer from CTS regarding triggers, coping strategies, and economic impact.
Study design: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted involving 18 manual workers with CTS diagnosed by the neurology service of a public hospital.
Methods: Purposive sampling was applied, and data were collected using in-depth interviews and researchers' notes. An inductive thematic analysis was applied to identify themes reflecting the participants' experience. Guba and Lincoln criteria were applied to establish the trustworthiness of the data.
Results: The mean age of participants was 40.06 years (SD 9.86). Four themes were identified: (a) coping with work limitations; (b) work activities that aggravate symptoms; (c) relationships at work; and (d) the economic burden of CTS. The effect of work on CTS, daily constraints, work situations that trigger the symptoms, and the strategies used by participants to adapt to their work are described. In addition, they recounted how relationships with managers and coworkers are modified and how CTS affects family finances.
Conclusions: The findings describe aggravating factors among working women, coping strategies used, and the social and occupational impact of CTS.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Post-COVID Pain in Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors Depending on Infection with the Historical, Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant
(MDPI, 2022-08-11) Fernández de las Peñas, César; Cancela Cilleruelo, Ignacio; Moro López-Menchero, Paloma; Rodríguez Jiménez, Jorge; Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor; Torres Macho, Juan; Pellicer Valero, Oscar J; Martín Guerrero , José D; Hernández Barrera, Valentín; Arendt Nielsen, Lars
We compared the prevalence of musculoskeletal post-COVID pain between previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors infected with the historical, Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant. Data about musculoskeletal post-COVID pain were systematically collected through a telephone interview involving 201 patients who had survived the historical variant, 211 who had survived the Alpha variant and 202 who had survived the Delta variant six months after hospital discharge. Participants were recruited from non-vaccinated individuals hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in one hospital of Madrid (Spain) during three different waves of the pandemic (historical, Alpha or Delta variant). Hospitalization and clinical data were collected from hospital medical records. In addition, anxiety/depressive levels and sleep quality were also assessed. The prevalence of musculoskeletal post-COVID pain was higher (p = 0.003) in patients infected with the historical variant (47.7%) than in those infected with the Alpha (38.3%) or Delta (41%) variants. A significantly (p = 0.002) higher proportion of individuals infected with the historical variant reported generalized pain (20.5%) when compared with those infected with the other variants. The prevalence of new-onset post-COVID musculoskeletal pain reached 80.1%, 75.2% and 79.5% of patients infected with the historical, Alpha or Delta variants, respectively. No specific risk factors for developing post-COVID pain were identified depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant. In conclusion, this study found that musculoskeletal post-COVID pain is highly prevalent in COVID-19 survivors six months after hospital discharge, with the highest prevalence and most generalized pain symptoms in individuals infected with the historical variant. Approximately 50% developed "de novo" post-COVID musculoskeletal pain symptoms.