Examinando por Autor "Contreras Lallana, Pedro"

Mostrando 1 - 14 de 14

A Polymer Optical Fiber Fuel Level Sensor: Application to Paramotoring and Powered Paragliding
(MDPI, 2012-05) Sánchez Montero, David; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Vázquez García, Carmen
A low-cost intensity-based polymer optical fiber (POF) sensor for fuel level measurements in paramotoring and powered paragliding is presented, exploiting the advantages of the optical fiber sensing technology. Experimental results demonstrate that the best option can be performed by stripping the fiber at the desired discrete points to measure the fuel level as well as with a gauge-shape fiber bending. The prototype has a good linearity, better than 4% full scale (F.S.), and sensitivity around 0.5 V per bend are obtained. Hysteresis due to residual fluid at the sensing points is found to be less than 9% F.S.
Advanced multifunctional Optical Switch for Multimode Optical Fiber Networks
(Elsevier, 2012-06-01) Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Vázquez García, Carmen; Vinouzé, Bruno
In this work, an advanced multifunctional optical switch based on multimode fibers is proposed. It can work as a 3 × 1 optical multiplexer/combiner, a 2 × 2 optical switch, a variable optical attenuator and a variable optical power splitter. All these functionalities can be developed in the same device without any hardware modification, only by using the proper ports and control electronics. The proposed switch has been developed for being used in the visible and near infrared wavelength range: 450–650 nm for optical fiber automobile applications, 650–850 nm for home broadband applications; and 850–1300 nm for multimode fiber access networks. Up to three different types of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells have been designed and fabricated for fulfilling these different wavelength ranges as part of the proposed device. The multifunctional switch has been implemented and experimentally tested. Crosstalk usually better than − 15 dB at 532 nm, 660 nm and 850 nm, in any state has been measured. Switching is achieved at voltage levels of 4 Vrms. Fiber to fiber insertion losses when operating as a 2 × 2 optical switch, range from 10 to 15 dB within 200 nm wavelength range; with a non-optimized optics for collimation and coupling.
Effect of the Fiber’s Core Size on a Two Color Pyrometer
(IEEE, 2020-09-22) Nuñez Cascajero, Arantxa; Tapetado, Alberto; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Fresno Hernández, Alicia; Vázquez García, Carmen
Two color pyrometers are useful for measuring temperature in very precise locations with a fast response. The effect of the fiber core on the measurement is a very important parameter, due to its influence in the measurement area and in the temperature range that can be measured.
Fiber-Optic Pyrometer with Optically Powered Switch for Temperature Mesurements
(MDPI, 2018-02-06) Vázquez García, Carmen; Pérez Prieto, Sandra; López Cardona, Juan Dayron; Tapetado, Alberto; Blanco, Enrique; Moreno López, Jorge; Sánchez Montero, David; Contreras Lallana, Pedro
We report the experimental results on a new infrared fiber-optic pyrometer for very localized and high-speed temperature measurements ranging from 170 to 530 °C using low-noise photodetectors and high-gain transimpedance amplifiers with a single gain mode in the whole temperature range. We also report a shutter based on an optical fiber switch which is optically powered to provide a reference signal in an optical fiber pyrometer measuring from 200 to 550 °C. The tests show the potential of remotely powering via optical means a 300 mW power-hungry optical switch at a distance of 100 m, avoiding any electromagnetic interference close to the measuring point.
Liquid Crystal Temperature Sensor Based on Three Electrodes and a High-Resistivity Layer
(IEEE, 2015-07-01) Algorri, José Francisco; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Urruchi, Virginia; Sánchez Pena, José Manuel
— In this paper, a novel liquid crystal (LC) temperature sensor is proposed and theoretically analyzed. A detailed analytical model has been presented. The sensor is designed and optimized to produce maximum sensitivities. This sensor is composed of only three electrodes. The electrodes are very simple and can be easily designed for different sizes. The structure uses the temperature dependence of the LC permittivity as sensing magnitude. Several LC have been investigated. The response improves the characteristics of previous LC sensors and even some commercial sensors in terms of sensitivity or linearity. The sensor has a high sensitivity, low-voltage control, low power consumption, and high linearity. The main advantage is the possible integration of this sensor in other LC devices.
Low power Consumption Silicon Photonics Tuning Filters based on Compound Microring Resonators
(SPIE, 2014-11-02) Vázquez García, Carmen; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Vargas, Salvador
Scalable integrated optics platforms based on silicon-on-insulator allow to develop optics and electronics functions on the same chip. Developments in this area are fostered by its potential as an I/O technology that can meet the throughputs demand of future many-core processors. Most of the optical interconnect designs rely on small footprint and high power efficiency microring resonators. They are used to filter out individual channels from a shared bus guide. Second-order microring filters enable denser channel packing by having sharper pass-band to stop-band slopes. Taking advantage of using a single physical ring with clockwise and counter-clockwise propagation, we implement second order filters with lower tuning energy consumption as being more resilient to some fabrication errors. Cascade ability, remote stabilization potential, energy efficiency along with simple design equations on coupling coefficients are described. We design second-order filters with FWHM from 45 GHz to 20 GHz, crosstalk between channels from -40 dB to -20 dB for different channel spacing at a specific FSR, with energy efficiencies of single ring configurations and compatible with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) state of the art platforms.
Modal liquid crystal temperature sensor
(IEEE, 2014-12-15) Algorri, José Francisco; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Urruchi, Virginia; Sánchez Pena, José Manuel
In this work, a novel liquid crystal temperature sensor is proposed. This sensor is composed by only two electrodes. A simple and easily scalable structure uses the temperature dependence of the liquid crystal permittivity as the sensing magnitude. The sensor has a high sensitivity, low voltage control, low power consumption and high linearity. The analytical modelling allows an optimization of the structure, in terms of sensitivity. Several liquid crystal has been investigated. The response improves the characteristics of previous LC sensors and even some commercial sensors (e.g. 60 mV/°C for 10 V rms of applied voltage, six times more than of most silicon temperature sensors).
Multicore Fiber scenarios supporting Power over Fiber in Radio over Fiber systems
(IEEE, 2019-10-30) Vázquez García, Carmen; López Cardona, Juan Dayron; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Sánchez Montero, David; Abdulhussein Al-Zubaidi, Fahad M.; Pérez Prieto, Sandra; Pérez Garcilopez, Isabel
We propose the integration of power over fiber in the next generation 5G radio access network front-haul solutions based on spatial division multiplexing with multicore fibers. The different architectures in both shared- and dedicated- core scenarios for power over fiber delivery and data signals are described. The maximum power to be delivered depending on the efficiencies of the different components is addressed as well as the limits of the delivered energy to avoid fiber fuse and non-linear effects. It is shown how those limits depend on high power laser linewidth, fiber attenuation, link length and fiber core effective area. The impairments related to non-linear effects, multicore fiber crosstalk and temperature are also theoretically analyzed. Experiments show there is no degradation of signal quality for feeding powers of several hundreds of milliwatts for both scenarios in 4-core multicore fibers. This study helps in designing future power by light delivery solutions in Radio over Fiber systems with multicore fibers.
Optically Feeding 1.75 W With 100 m MMF in Efficient C-RAN Front-Hauls With Sleep Modes
(IEEE, 2021-05-11) López Cardona, Juan Dayron; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Altuna, Ruben; Fresno Hernández, Alicia; Barreiro, Xabier; Vázquez García, Carmen
Using bundles of multimode optical fibers (MMF) as part of the 5G centralized radio access networks front-haul solutions for optically powering of low power consumption Remote Radio Heads (RRH) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with 100 m of 200 μm core diameter MMF. From the 34.85 W electrical power provided to the system, 1.748 W are delivered to the load, giving an overall 5% efficiency, being the temperature controller of the High Power Lasers the most critical element. If intermediates results are considered, the efficiency from input optical power to electrical power after the PV cells is 43.4%. The RRH manages 2.34 W for control, battery charge, communications and the load operation. The system includes a low power bidirectional control channel that provides the capability of enabling different sleep modes and sending information about the status of the battery and sensing elements at RRH. The RRH has a minimum power consumption of 3.15 mW. Optimized design of different elements of the system are included. The system is tested by feeding a RF power amplifier at the RRH; providing a stable power supply and EVM performance below 17.8% with QPSK on a 20 GHz RF carrier.
Power over Fiber in Radio over Fiber Systems in 5G Scenarios
(IEEE, 2019-09-19) Vázquez García, Carmen; López Cardona, Juan Dayron; Sánchez Montero, David; Pérez Garcilopez, Isabel; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Abdulhussein Al-Zubaidi, Fahad M.
5G verticals needs of dedicated power architectures for providing efficient systems. Some schematics and measurements on optical power delivery to remote nodes in 5G scenarios are described. Different types of optical fibers including plastic and silica optical fibers are considered.
Remote Optical Powering Using Fiber Optics in Hazardous Environment
(IEEE, 2018-02-01) López Cardona, Juan Dayron; Vázquez García, Carmen; Sánchez Montero, David; Contreras Lallana, Pedro
Potential niches for a power-over-fiber (PoF) technique can be found in hazardous areas that require controlling unauthorized access to risk areas and integration of multiple sensors, in scenarios avoiding electromagnetic interference, and the presence of ignition factors. This paper develops a PoF system that provides galvanic isolation between two ends of a fiber for remotely powering a proximity sensor as a proof of concept of the proposed technology. We analyze scalability issues for remotely powering multiple sensors in a specific application for the hazardous environment. The maximum number of remote sensors that can be optically powered and the limiting factors are also studied; considering different types of multimode optical fibers, span lengths, and wavelengths. We finally address the fiber mode field diameter effect as a factor that limits the maximum power to be injected into the fiber. This analysis shows the advantages of using step-index versus graded-index fibers.
Sensing Applications in Aircrafts Using Polymer Optical Fibres
(MDPI, 2021-04-07) Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Aldabaldetreku, Gotzon; López, Alicia; Sánchez Montero, David; Durana, Gaizka; Mateo, Javier; Losada, María Ángeles; Zubia, Joseba; Vázquez García, Carmen
We report on recent advances in the use of inexpensive polymer optical fibres (POFs) for sensing applications in avionics. The sensors analysed in this manuscript take advantage of the unique properties of polymers, such as high flexibility, elasticity, and sensitivity, and they range from strain, elongation, and vibration interrogators to level and temperature meters, leading to cost-effective techniques for structural health monitoring in aircraft structures. We also highlight recent power-supply methods using Power-over-POF in order to feed sensors remotely, and we discuss the constraints imposed by connectors on the performance of POF networks in aircrafts.
Spectral and spatial characterization of perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fibers for the distribution of optical wireless communication cells
(OSA, 2015-02-10) Al Hajjar, Hani; Sánchez Montero, David; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Vázquez García, Carmen; Fracasso, Bruno
In this paper, the characterization of a perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (PF-GIPOF) for a high-bitrate indoor optical wireless system is reported. PF-GIPOF is used here to interconnect different optical wireless access points that distribute optical free-space high-bitrate wireless communication cells. The PF-GIPOF channel is first studied in terms of transmission attenuation and frequency response and, in a second step, the spatial power profile distribution at the fiber output is analyzed. Both character izations are performed under varying restricted mode launch conditions, enabling us to assess the trans mission channel performance subject to potential connectorization errors within an environment where the end users may intervene by themselves on the home network infrastructure. © 2015 Optical Society of America
Temperature Sensing Using Optical Fibers in Harsh Environments
(IEEE, 2017-09-04) Vázquez García, Carmen; Tapetado, Alberto; Pinzón, Plinio Jesús; Sánchez Montero, David; López Cardona, Juan Dayron; Contreras Lallana, Pedro; Zubia, Joseba
Temperature is a major magnitude that needs to be measured in many different scenarios such as monitoring the temperature during manufacturing process, in aeronautical engine performance, or in all electrical aircraft batteries performance among others. Fiber optic temperature sensors have very interesting properties due to its potential to provide electromagnetic interference immunity, light weight, intrinsically safe nature, and depending on the technology high temperature range and remote operation. In this talk we will review our recent progress on intensity fiber-optic temperature sensing with different technologies and applications.