Examinando por Autor "Diederich, Paul"

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Crittendenia gen. nov., a new lichenicolous lineage in the Agaricostilbomycetes (Pucciniomycotina), and a review of the biology, phylogeny and classification of lichenicolous heterobasidiomycetes
(Cambridge University Press, 2021-03-12) Millanes, Ana M; Diederich, Paul; Westberg, Martin; Wedin, Mats
The lichenicolous ‘heterobasidiomycetes’ belong in the Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina) and in the Pucciniomycotina. In this paper, we provide an introduction and review of these lichenicolous taxa, focusing on recent studies and novelties of their classification, phylogeny and evolution. Lichen-inhabiting fungi in the Pucciniomycotina are represented by only a small number of species included in the genera Chionosphaera, Cyphobasidium and Lichenozyma. The phylogenetic position of the lichenicolous representatives of Chionosphaera has, however, never been investigated by molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear SSU, ITS, and LSU ribosomal DNA markers reveal that the lichenicolous members of Chionosphaera form a monophyletic group in the Pucciniomycotina, distinct from Chionosphaera and outside the Chionosphaeraceae. The new genus Crittendenia is described to accommodate these lichen-inhabiting species. Crittendenia is characterized by minute synnemata-like basidiomata, the presence of clamp connections and aseptate tubular basidia from which 4–7 spores discharge passively, often in groups. Crittendenia, Cyphobasidium and Lichenozyma are the only lichenicolous lineages known so far in the Pucciniomycotina, whereas Chionosphaera does not include any lichenicolous taxa.
Five new species in the Tremella caloplacae complex
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Freire-Rallo, Sandra; Diederich, Paul; Millanes, Ana María; Wedin, Mats
Tremella caloplacae (Zahlbr.) Diederich is a species complex including at least nine different species. Here, we formally describe the new species Tremella elegantis, T. nimisiana, T. parietinae, T. pusillae and T. sorediatae. Tremella elegantis induces galls in the hymenium of Rusavskia elegans and forms 2-celled basidia, where cells rarely elongate and sometimes give the appearance of two immature, independent basidia. Tremella nimisiana has small basidiomata (less than 1 mm diam.), narrowly ellipsoid to pyriform 2-celled, occasionally clavate to subcylindrical 3-celled basidia, and grows in the hymenium of Xanthocarpia species. Tremella parietinae is characterized by the exclusive growth in the hymenium of Xanthoria parietina, the broadly fusiform to ellipsoid probasidia, and the subspherical, pyriform or ellipsoid 2(–3)-celled basidia. Tremella pusillae has ellipsoidal probasidia, 2(–3)-celled pyriform or ellipsoidal basidia that sometimes are constricted at the septum, and grows only on Calogaya pusilla. Tremella sorediatae is characterized by inducing galls on the thallus of Rusavskia sorediata and by pyriform to ellipsoid basidia that sometimes are constricted at the septum. Three species are not formally described and are left unnamed as Tremella sp. 13 on Calogaya biatorina, Tremella sp. 14 on Calogaya decipiens and Tremella sp. 15 on Polycauliona sp. Tremella caloplacae in the strict sense is re-circumscribed as a species confined to Variospora species.
Flora of Lichenicolous Fungi, Vol. 1, Basidiomycota
(National Museum of Natural History, Luxembourg, 2022-08-20) Diederich, Paul; Millanes, Ana María; Wedin, Mats; Lawrey, James D
This first volume of a worldwide Flora of Lichenicolous Fungi deals with the Basidiomycota. A total of 197 species are accepted, described, illustrated and keyed out, and 13 additional species are shortly introduced but not formally described. They belong to the Agaricomycetes (4 species in 2 genera of Agaricales, 2 – 1 Atheliales, 1 – 1 Boletales, 11 – 8 Cantharellales, 12 – 5 Corticiales) and the Tremellomycetes (8 – 1 Filobasidiales, 129 – 3 Tremellales) in the Agaricomycotina, and to the Agaricostilbomycetes (18 – 1 Agaricostilbales), Cystobasidiomycetes (9 – 1 Cyphobasidiales) and Microbotryomycetes (1 – 1 Kriegeriaceae) in the Pucciniomycotina, while 2 species incertae sedis are provisionally treated in ‘Syzygospora’. The species of Agaricomycetes belong to the informal group of homobasidiomycetes and are mainly generalists, while the species of Tremellomycetes, Agaricostilbomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes and ‘Syzygospora’ belong to the heterobasidiomycetes and are all host-specific. Three new genera, 74 new species, 1 new subspecies, and 3 new combinations are introduced. Phylogenetic trees are given for each taxonomic group, some being obtained from previous papers, while most are based on new phylogenetic results, based on hundreds of new DNA sequences obtained during the preparation of this volume. The former Biatoropsis usnearum, Syzygospora physciacearum, Tremella parmeliarum and T. pertusariae are regarded as species complexes, including many newly described species, while some other species complexes, especially Cyphobasidium hypotrachynicola, C. usneicola, Tremella caloplacae, T. lobariacearum and T. ramalinae need further studies. Six new species of Biatoropsis or Tremella have basidia producing conidia instead of basidiospores, one new Tremella species has deciduous epibasidia acting as diaspores, and four new asexual taxa of Tremella have a layer of conidiogenous cells producing clamped conidia. Six types of host-specific galls resembling Tremella basidiomata, but probably induced by bacteria, are briefly described and included in the host-based key.
To explore strange new worlds – The diversification in Tremella caloplacae was linked to the adaptive radiation of the Teloschistaceae
(ELSEVIER, 2023-12-23) Freire-Rallo, Sandra; Wedin, Mats; Diederich, Paul; Millanes, Ana María
Lichenicolous fungi are a heterogeneous group of organisms that grow exclusively on lichens, forming obligate associations with them. It has often been assumed that cospeciation has occurred between lichens and lichenicolous fungi, but this has been seldom analysed from a macroevolutionary perspective. Many lichenicolous species are rare or are rarely observed, which results in frequent and large gaps in the knowledge of the diversity of many groups. This, in turn, hampers evolutionary studies that necessarily are based on a reasonable knowledge of this diversity. Tremella caloplacae is a heterobasidiomycete growing on various hosts from the lichen-forming family Teloschistaceae, and evidence suggests that it may represent a species complex. We combine an exhaustive sampling with molecular and ecological data to study species delimitation, cophylogenetic events and temporal concordance of this association. Tremella caloplacae is here shown to include at least six distinct host-specific lineages (=putative species). Host switch is the dominant and most plausible event influencing diversification and explaining the coupled evolutionary history in this system, although cospeciation cannot be discarded. Speciation in T. caloplacae would therefore have occurred coinciding with the rapid diversification – by an adaptive radiation starting in the late Cretaceous – of their hosts. New species in T. caloplacae would have developed as a result of specialization on diversifying lichen hosts that suddenly offered abundant new ecological niches to explore or adapt to.