Examinando por Autor "Fernández Mohedano, Ángel"

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Anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by methanogenic granular sludge: role of co-substrates and methanogenic inhibition.
(IWA Publishing, 2009-04-01) Puyol Santos, Daniel; Fernández Mohedano, Ángel; Sanz Martín, José Luis; Rodríguez Jiménez, Juan José
The influence of several co-substrates in the anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (246TCP) by methanogenic granular sludge as well as in methanogenesis inhibition by 246TCP has been studied. 4 g-COD·L−1 of lactate, sucrose, volatile fatty acids (VFA) acetate:propionate:butyrate 1:1:1, ethanol, methanol, yeast extract (YE), and 2 g-COD·L−1 of formate and methylamine were tested. Two concentrations of 246TCP: 80 mg·L−1 and 113 mg·L−1 (this last corresponding to the EC50 for acetotrophic methanogenesis) were tested. Three consecutive co-substrate and nutrient feedings were accomplished. 246TCP was added in the second feed, and the 246TCP removal rate increased considerably after the third feed. Accumulated metabolites after ortho-dechlorination, either 4-chlorophenol (4CP) (when methanol, ethanol or VFA were used as co-substrates) or 2,4-dichlorophenol (24DCP) (with lactate) avoided the complete dechlorination of 246TCP. With methylamine and formate this compound was degraded only partially. Monochlorophenols biodegradation was partially achieved with YE, but both 24DCP and 2,6-dichlorophenol (26DCP) were accumulated. In the presence of sucrose para-dechlorination was observed. 246TCP was better tolerated by methanogens when ethanol and methanol were added because of the highest specific methanogenic activity achieved with these co-substrates. Methanol and ethanol were the best co-substrates in the anaerobic biodegradation of 246TCP.
Inhibition of methanogenesis by chlorophenols: a kinetic approach
(Elsevier, 2012-11-15) Puyol Santos, Daniel; Sanz Martín, José Luis; Rodríguez Jiménez, Juan José; Fernández Mohedano, Ángel
Chlorophenols exert a crucial effect on the methanogenesis, considerably reducing both maximum methane potential and methanogenic rates. However, there is not enough information about the kinetic mechanism of chlorophenols toxicity on the methanogenesis, which is a key aspect for the control of the anaerobic digesters because of the sensitivity and the potential for energy recovery derived from methane release. The International Water Association-Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (IWA-ADM1) can be adapted to a wide range of situations by updating or changing the equations in the model. The present study proposes a general kinetic model for methanogenesis. This model has been applied to predict the inhibition of methanogenesis by chlorophenols, and it can be used for updating the IWA-ADM1 when treating inhibitory compounds. The model was calibrated and validated using a wide broad of experimental sets of data of methane production by granular sludge in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenol (24DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (246TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in batch assays. A lag-phase of the effect of chlorophenols on the methanogenesis by non-adapted sludge was detected and modeled by the kinetic model proposed. In addition, the inhibitory effect of PCP was more pronounced on the acetoclastic methanogenesis than on the hydrogenotrophic one. Non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition types were detected using 24DCP and 246TCP, whereas a suicide or irreversible inhibition type was observed in the case of PCP. Values of inhibition constants considerably varied depending on the chlorophenol used, between 45 mg 24DCP L−1, 41–51 mg 246TCP L−1 and 0.9–7.8 mg PCP L−1. The higher toxicity of PCP is related with its hydrophobicity, which was determined by adsorption tests and using partition coefficients n-octanol/water. Modeling was accompanied by high statistical support in all cases, which confirmed the validation of the model proposed.