Examinando por Autor "Izcara, Sergio"

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A comparative study of phenolic composition and antioxidant activity in commercial and experimental seedless table grapes cultivated in a Mediterranean climate
(Springer, 2021-01) Izcara, Sergio; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Andrés, María Teresa de; Arroyo, Teresa; Sierra, Isabel
Grapes are important sources of phenolic compounds, which have multiple beneficial effects on human health. Scientific advances in the field of genetics have allowed the production of seedless table grape varieties, which are highly demanded by consumers because of their nutritional value and their easy consumption. In this study, total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA) and total anthocyanin content (TAC), were determined in 65 seedless table grape varieties (41 experimental and 24 commercial varieties). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ion-trap mass spectrometry detector (UHPLC-IT-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify some phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols and stilbenes in 14 experimental varieties. TPC ranged from 17 to 250 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight (FW), RSA ranged from 15 to 269 mg Trolox equivalents/100 g FW and TAC ranged from 0 to 168 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/100 g FW. The RSA assay showed high correlation (R2 = 0.90) between the TPC and the antioxidant activity of the 65 seedless table grapes analyzed. In the vast majority of the new experimental varieties analyzed, the TPC and TAC were similar to those of some common table grapes with seeds, indicating promising perspectives for their commercialization as potential sources of these bioactive compounds. In 6 grape varieties, high concentrations of catechin, procyanidin B2, epicatechin, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caftaric acid and rutin were found, which would indicate that the regular intake of these varieties would be highly recommended.
A Miniaturized QuEChERS Method Combined with Ultrahigh Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Oregano Samples
(MDPI, 2020) Izcara, Sergio; Casado, Natalia; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Sierra, Isabel
Recent and unexpected food alerts about relatively high amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in oregano samples have stressed the need to develop analytical strategies to ensure food safety in this type of foodstu . Accordingly, this work presents the development of a miniaturized strategy based on the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, e ective, rugged and safe) method combined with ultrahigh liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of 21 pyrrolizidine alkaloids suggested by the European Food Safety Authority to be monitored in food. The analytical method was properly validated, with overall average recoveries from 77 to 96% and relative standard deviations <13% (n = 9). The method proved to be a sustainable analytical strategy which meets green analytical chemistry principles as it showed good performance by using small amounts of sample (0.2 g), organic solvents (1000 L), clean-up sorbents (175 mg) and partitioning salts (0.65 g). Its feasibility was verified through the analysis of 23 oregano samples. Of the samples analyzed, 100% were contaminated, with an average concentration of 1254 g/kg. Lasiocarpine, lasiocarpine N-oxide, europine, europine N-oxide, senecivernine, senecionine, echimidine N-oxide, lycopsamine N-oxide and intermedine N-oxide were the alkaloids which significantly contributed to the contamination of the samples.
Application of a hybrid large pore mesoporous silica functionalized with β-cyclodextrin as sorbent in dispersive solid-phase extraction. Toward sustainable sample preparation protocols to determine polyphenolic compounds in Arbutus unedo L. fruits by UHPLC-IT-MS/MS
(Elsevier, 2023-01) Izcara, Sergio; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Pérez-Quintanilla, Damián; Sierra, Isabel
A quick, sensitive and selective analytical reversed-phase method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ion-trap mass spectrometry detector (UHPLC-IT-MS/MS) was employed for the simultaneous determination of nine phenolic compounds (PCs) in strawberry tree (SBT) berries. The sample treatment included a solid-liquid extraction followed by a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) procedure using a hybrid large pore mesoporous silica (LP-MS) functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as sorbent material. For this purpose, the initial synthesized LP-MS was modified with β-CD following three different synthetic routes, obtaining three new functionalized materials (denoted LP-MS-β-CD-R1, LP-MS-β-CD-R2 and LP-MS-β-CD-R3). All synthesized materials were comprehensively characterized, showing excellent textural properties, and they were also tested as sorbent materials in the extraction of PCs by comparison of SPE and dSPE procedures. The LP-MS- β-CD-R2 as sorbent material in the dSPE procedure showed the best potential to extract and purify the target PCs, being more effective than the other materials and compared with the SPE procedure. The performance of the proposed dSPE-UHPLC-IT-MS/MS method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, trueness, precision, and matrix effect, achieving good analytical method performance and demonstrating its feasibility and practicality for the quantification of PCs in SBT fruits. The analysis of the investigated SBT berries revealed, mainly, high contents of arbutin reaching concentrations up to 5979 μg/g dry weight, followed by catechin (661 μg/g dry weight). Arbutin was, undoubtedly, the major PC determined in all SBT berry samples analyzed, being the most prominent and showing a high concentration compared to that of other polyphenols determined in other red berries.
High throughput analytical approach based on μQuEChERS combined with UHPLC-PDA for analysis of bioactive secondary metabolites in edible flowers
(Elsevier, 2022-11) Izcara, Sergio; Perestrelo, Rosa; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Câmara, José S.; Sierra, Isabel
Mallow blue (Malva sylvestris L.), hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.), are common edible flowers rich in bioactive secondary metabolites (BASMs) whose use in sophisticated gastronomy present currently as increasing trend. In this study the BASMs profile of these edible flowers was established using an emerging green extraction technique, μQuEChERS followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detection system (UHPLC-PDA). After validation the μQuEChERS/UHPLC-PDA methodology allow to identify that apigenin and epigallocatechin gallate are the most abundant BASMs in mallow blue flowers, while catechin and dicaffeoylquinic acid are predominant in hibiscus flowers, and myricitrin and dicaffeoylquinic acid in nasturtium flowers. Total polyphenol content is the highest in the extract of hibiscus. Nasturtium shows the greatest radical scavenging activity. The results revealed that these flowers constitute a potential source of BASMs with different bioactive properties suggesting its use in design of new functional foods.
Metodologías activas coordinadas aplicadas en asignaturas de segundo curso del Grado en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos
(Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Zaragoza, 2023-10-18) Sierra, Isabel; Casado-Hidalgo, Gema; Casado, Natalia; Fernández-Pintor, Begoña; Gañán Aceituno, Judith; González-Gómez, Lorena; Martínez-García, Gonzalo; Martínez-García, Isabel; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Pérez-Quintanilla, Damián; Rodríguez-Castaño, Jesús; Izcara, Sergio; Vera-Baquero, Fernando L.
En este trabajo se presentan dos experiencias de gamificación que se han realizado de manera coordinada entre tres asignaturas de segundo curso del Grado en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CyTA) de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos durante el curso 2022-2023. Las actividades fueron una yincana con retos encadenados desarrollada en aula y laboratorio y la visualización de videos con experimentos para la resoluciones de cuestiones. La buena valoración por parte del estudiantado y la consecución de los objetivos en lo que respecta al aumento de su motivación por los estudios, la asimilación de conceptos teórico-prácticos y la mejora en las tasas de superación de las asignaturas implicadas confirman la idoneidad del uso de metodologías activas coordinadas en el ámbito universitario.
Miniaturized and modified QuEChERS method with mesostructured silica as clean-up sorbent for pyrrolizidine alkaloids determination in aromatic herbs
(Elsevier, 2022-06) Izcara, Sergio; Casado, Natalia; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Pérez-Quintanilla, Damián; Sierra, Isabel
This work proposes the miniaturization and modification of the QuEChERS strategy using different large pore mesostructured silicas, non-modified and modified with amino groups (NH2), as dispersive clean-up sorbents for multi-component extraction of 21 pyrrolizidine alkaloids from different aromatic herbs, combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The procedure was miniaturized by reducing the amounts of sample (0.2 g), solvents (2 mL), clean-up sorbents (25 mg sorbent + 150 mg MgSO4) and partitioning salts (0.65 g) employed. Best results were achieved using mesostructured silicas (LP-MS-NH2) than conventional PSA. The method was validated (overall recoveries 73–105%) and applied to the analysis of 17 samples. All the samples were contaminated with PAs (average concentration 262 µg/Kg). Thyme and basil samples were the most contaminated, whereas rosemary was the least. Lasiocarpine, senecivernine N-oxide and europine N-oxide were the main PAs that contributed to their contamination.
Spices Volatilomic Fingerprinting—A Comprehensive Approach to Explore Its Authentication and Bioactive Properties
(MDPI, 2022-09-28) Izcara, Sergio; Perestrelo, Rosa; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Sierra, Isabel; S. Câmara, José
Volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) present in different spices can provide distinct analytical biosignatures related to organoleptic properties and health benefits. This study aimed to establish the volatilomic fingerprint of six of the most consumed spices all over the world (saffron (Crocus sativus L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), black pepper, (Piper nigrum L.), sweet paprika (Capsicum annuum L.), and curry (a mix of different herbs and spices)). Based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, this is a powerful strategy to explore and establish the spice’s volatile pattern and unravel the potential health benefits related to the most important VOMs identified in each spice. This comprehensive knowledge will help in the definition of their authenticity, while simultaneously protecting against potential frauds and adulterations. A total of 162 VOMs were identified. Semi-quantitative assessments revealed that terpenoids and sesquiterpenoids amounted to the major volatile class in the investigated spices, except for cinnamon, where carbonyl compounds are the major group. Most of the studied spices comprised key characteristics of aroma and health bioactive compounds, e.g., dihydrojuneol in saffron, cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon, cuminaldehyde in cumin and curry, and caryophyllene in black pepper. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) successfully discriminated the investigated spices, being α-cubebene, 3-methyl butanal, β-patchoulene and β-selinene, the most important VOMs (highest VIP’s) that contributed to its discrimination. Moreover, some VOMs have a high influence on the spice’s bioactive potential, helping to prevent certain diseases including cancer, inflammatory-related diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Study of the Phenolic Compound Profile of Arbutus unedo L. Fruits at Different Ripening Stages by HPLC-TQ-MS/MS
(MDPI, 2021) Izcara, Sergio; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Casado, Natalia; Sierra, Isabel
Arbutus unedo L. berries have traditionally been used as edible and medicinal fruits in folk medicine for the treatment of some pathologies. Besides their good nutritional properties, these berries are rich in bioactive compounds. Accordingly, a HPLC-triple quadrupole (TQ)-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the first time to characterize the changes produced in the phenolic composition profile of A. unedo L. fruits through three ripening stages. Several hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids were detected, gallic acid being the highest phenolic acid quantified. Quercetin, quercetin-3- -glucoside, rutin, and kaempferol were found in similar amounts at the different maturity stages. High amounts of (+)-catechin, procyanidin B2, epigallocatechin, and (��)-epigallocatechin gallate were observed in the unripe fruits. Naringin and vitexin were also quantified. Stilbenes, such as trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid, were identified for the first time in these fruits. Total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanin compounds, and radical scavenging activity were also determined in the fruits harvested at different years in several locations of the Iberian Peninsula at different ripening stages. The results confirmed that these fruits are an excellent source of these bioactive compounds (mainly flavanols) with high antioxidant activity, which could be used as a new source for preparation of nutraceutical or functional foods.
Volatilomic fingerprinting from edible flowers. Unravelling some impact compounds behind its attractiveness
(Elsevier, 2022-11) Izcara, Sergio; Perestrelo, Rosa; Morante-Zarcero, Sonia; Sierra, Isabel; S. Câmara, José
In recent years edible flowers emerged in gourmet cuisine, giving any dish the beauty of attractive colours, freshness, texture, and aromatic notes. Moreover, they also constitute a potential source of phytochemical compounds associated with beneficial effects on human health. In this work, the volatilomic fingerprinting of 4 different species of edible flowers [blue mallow (Malva sylvestris L.), pomegranate flower (Punica granatum L.), hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.)] used in gourmet dishes, was established, and comparatively investigated. The volatile metabolites were extracted by solid-phase microextraction in headspace mode and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to understand the chemistry behind its attractiveness better. A total of 78 volatile metabolites, belonging to diverse chemical groups were identified. Blue mallow is mainly characterised by sesquiterpenoids (61.5% of the total volatile fraction), whereas in flowers from pomegranate, hibiscus, and nasturtium, terpenoids (56.6%), carbonyl compounds (88.0%) and organosulfur compounds (98.0%) are the dominant chemical groups, respectively. In blue mallow flowers, τ-muurolene and valencene are the dominant volatiles, followed by α-cubebene and δ-cadinene. Pomegranate flowers are rich in furfural and linalool, while the aldehydes 2-hexenal, hexanal and 2-octenal are dominant volatile metabolites in hibiscus. Benzyl isothiocyanate, a potent antimicrobial agent, accounts for 98% of the total volatile fraction of nasturtium flowers. In addition to flavour notes, some of the identified volatile metabolites present bioactive properties, which could be explored for application in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The volatile metabolites profiles combined with unsupervised principal component analysis facilitated the differentiation of the edible flowers under investigation, revealing the most related volatile metabolites of each sample, which can be used as markers for the authentication of these valuable food samples.