Examinando por Autor "Jerez, S."

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Comprehensive characterization of an oily sludge from a petrol refinery: A step forward for its valorization within the circular economy strategy
(Elsevier, 2021) Jerez, S.; Ventura, M.; Molina, R.; Pariente, M.I.; Martínez, F.; Melero, J.A.
Refinery treatment plants produce large quantities of oily sludge during the petroleum refining processes. The hazardousness associated with the disposal of these wastes, make necessary the development of innovative technologies to handle it adequately, linked to the concepts of circular economy and environmental sustainability. This work provides for the first time a methodology for the deep characterization of this kind of wastes and consequently new insights regarding its valorization. A review of works dealing with the characterization of this type of wastes has been addressed evidencing the complexity and variability of these effluents. The oily sludge under study contains a high concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand of 196 g COD/L, a Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen of 2.8 g TKN/kg, a phosphorous content as PO43− of 7 g/kg, as well as a great presence of heavy metals in a different range of concentrations. This sludge is composed of three different phases: oily, aqueous and solid. The oily and the solid phases present high percentages of carbon content (84 and 26%, respectively), related to the presence of alkanes ranged from n-C9 to n-C44. Therefore, it could be possible their valorization by the synthesis of catalyst and/or adsorbents. A dark fermentation process could be also proposed for the oily phase to obtain H2 as an alternative energy source. Finally, the aqueous phase contains low carbon and nutrients concentration. A previous thermal pre-treatment applied to the oily sludge might increase nutrient and organic loading in the aqueous phase due to solid destruction, making this aqueous effluent suitable for a further conventional biological treatment.
New strategies for the management of a primary refinery oily sludge: A techno-economical assessment of thermal hydrolysis, Fenton, and wet air oxidation treatments
(Elsevier, 2023) Jerez, S.; Ventura, M.; Martínez, F.; Melero, J.A.; Pariente, M.I.
Petroleum refinery wastewater treatment plants produce a significant amount of oily sludge, a hazardous waste that requires proper disposal. It is necessary to develop technologies to treat and valorise it, avoiding the current environmental problems associated with its landfill disposal. This work explores the application of different advanced technologies for the pre-treatment and further valorisation of this oily sludge, which includes thermal hydrolysis, Fenton oxidation, and wet air oxidation. These treatments reduce the solid content by 51–78%. Moreover, the increasing dewaterability and settleability facilitate phase separation, thus enabling further valorisation, obtaining an aqueous effluent more biodegradable (ca. 63%). A conceptual design based on experimental data obtained at bench scale has been developed for the three pre-treatment systems under study. Techno-economic analysis of the three advanced treatments gave unitary costs ranging from 78 €/m3 for thermal hydrolysis to 192 €/m3 for the Fenton treatment, which are all in the low range of the current management cost (70–350 €/m3 ). Thus, the techno-economic analysis developed in this study demonstrates its feasibility compared to the current management of oily sludge from API separators. Thermal hydrolysis can be a low-cost and suitable strategy for producing biodegradable effluent that can be directly treated in the conventional biological treatment plant of the refinery. However, WAO might be a more appropriate option to recover carbon and nutrients for further valorisation in advanced biological processes.