Examinando por Autor "Lillo, Javier"

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A compilation of field surveys on gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from contrasting environmental settings in Europe, South America, South Africa and China: Separating fads from facts
(Springer, 2013) Higueras, Pablo; Oyarzun, Roberto; Kotnik, Joze; Esbrí, José María; Martinez-Coronado, Alba; Horvat, Milena; Lopez-Berdonces, Miguel Ángel; Llanos, Willians; Vaselli, Orlando; Nisi, Barbara; Mashyanov, Nikolay; Ryzov, Vladimir; Spiric, Zdravko; Parichev, Nikolay; McCrindle, Rob; Feng, Xinbin; Fu, Xuewu; Lillo, Javier; Loredo, Javier; Garcia, María Eugenia; Alfonso, Pura; Villegas, Karla; Palacios, Silvia; Oyarzun, Jorge; Maturana, Hugo; Contreras, Felicia; Adams, Melitón; Ribeiro-Guevara, Sergio; Niecenski, Luise Felipe; Giammanco, Salvatore; Huremovic, Jasna
Mercury is transported globally in the atmosphere mostly in gaseous elemental form (GEM, Hggas0), but still few worldwide studies taking into account different and contrasted environmental settings are available in a single publication. This work presents and discusses data from Argentina, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Chile, China, Croatia, Finland, Italy, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Slovenia and Venezuela. We classified the information in four groups: (1) mining districts where this contaminant poses or has posed a risk for human populations and/or ecosystems; (2) cities, where the concentration of atmospheric mercury could be higher than normal due to the burning of fossil fuels and industrial activities; (3) areas with natural emissions from volcanoes; and (4) pristine areas where no anthropogenic influence was apparent. All the surveys were performed using portable LUMEX RA-915 series atomic absorption spectrometers. The results for cities fall within a low GEM concentration range that rarely exceeds 30 ng m-3, that is, 6.6 times lower than the restrictive ATSDR threshold (200 ng m-3) for chronic exposure to this pollutant. We also observed this behavior in the former mercury mining districts, where few data were above 200 ng m-3. We noted that high concentrations of GEM are localized phenomena that fade away in short distances. However, this does not imply that they do not pose a risk for those working in close proximity to the source. This is the case of the artisanal gold miners that heat the Au-Hg amalgam to vaporize mercury. In this respect, while GEM can be truly regarded as a hazard, because of possible physical-chemical transformations into other species, it is only under these localized conditions, implying exposure to high GEM concentrations, which it becomes a direct risk for humans
AGUA EN ACCIÓN: TRABAJOS DE INNOVACIÓN DOCENTE PARA EL GRADO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS
(2024-07-30) Najarro, María; Herrera, Raquel; Martínez Coronado, Alba; Pichel, Natalia; López Mir, Berta; Montalvan, Francisco; Carreño, Francisco; Lillo, Javier; Martín Gonzáles, Fidel; Sánchez Hernández, Javier; Uscola, Mercedes; Merinero, Sonia
El RD 822/2021, por el que se establece la organización de las enseñanzas universitarias y del procedimiento de aseguramiento de su calidad, apela a construir el andamiaje de una formación universitaria focalizada en el estudiantado y en sus competencias, entendidas estas como el conjunto de conocimientos, capacidades o competencias y habilidades académicamente relevantes, que le confiere el título universitario alcanzado. Estas competencias permiten al estudiantado su inserción en el mundo laboral y, lógicamente, formar parte activa de la sociedad. Por tanto, la adaptación de los títulos a este RD debe abordar, junto con una nueva estructuración de los estudios, la incorporación de un enfoque formativo centrado en las competencias del estudiantado. Ante este desafío, se ha detectado que gran parte de las titulaciones adolecen de una deficiencia educativa que se caracteriza por la falta de integración de los conocimientos, habilidades y competencias adquiridas en las asignaturas que conforman el itinerario formativo. Con el fin de abordar esta problemática, y siguiendo lo establecido en el RD822/2021, se plantea promover una docencia innovadora, más activa, basada en una metodología de enseñanza–aprendizaje, en la cual ganan protagonismo nuevas estrategias docentes integradoras y formas de enseñar y aprender que buscan reforzar la capacidad de trabajo cooperativo, y que se apoyan en el uso de nuevas tecnologías y competencias digitales. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es trabajar de forma holística los resultados de aprendizaje que debe adquirir el graduado al finalizar sus estudios, dando continuidad a los conocimientos, habilidades y competencias entre asignaturas mediante la realización de una Trabajo Práctico de Campo (en adelante, TPC) de 4 días en los últimos cursos del grado. Se plantea un aprendizaje integrador, de forma que los estudiantes puedan utilizar y aplicar conceptos, metodologías y competencias, de varias asignaturas, optimizando y potenciando así el aprendizaje interdisciplinar, y creando para los alumnos experiencias auténticas más próximas a la realidad laboral y a la demanda social. Para ello se ha seleccionado un área de estudio (Somolinos, Guadalajara) en la que los alumnos del Grado de Recursos Hídricos (RRHH), mediante un TPC, establecerán conexiones entre las materias de Geología (1º curso), Hidrología Superficial (2º), Hidrogeología (2º), Sistemas de Información Geográfica (3ª), Tecnologías de Captación (3º) y Modelización Hidrológica e Hidrogeológica (3º), integrando habilidades y conocimientos teóricos, prácticos y digitales desarrollados en las mismas. Al finalizar este proyecto piloto, se valorará la incidencia en los resultados académicos de los estudiantes y la mejora del aprendizaje. También se analizará si la colaboración entre asignaturas y docentes implicados ha influido en la mejora de su labor docente. Se espera que este proyecto redunde en una mayor coordinación entre las asignaturas y los docentes del grado y ayude a adquirir una visión global de la titulación y del perfil de egreso esperado, tanto a los estudiantes como a los profesores. Finalmente, uno de los principales logros de este proyecto es analizar si esta propuesta metodológica innovadora puede implementarse en el grado RRHH como una asignatura en su próxima modificación para su adaptación al RD822/2021.
Analyzing lime mortars from a historic construction in Magán (Toledo, Spain): Insights into mineralogy and firing temperatures
(Elsevier, 2024-12) Hierro, Isabel del; Reyes-Téllez, Francisco; Herrera, Raquel; Lillo, Javier; Ortiz-Bustos, Josefa; Pérez-Cortes, Yolanda; Polo-Romero, Alberto; Viñuales-Ferreiro, Gonzalo
Mortar samples from the remains of a nearly vanished structure in the village of Magán (Toledo, Spain) have been investigated. Their mineralogical and chemical composition have been analyzed to understand the building technology of their historical period and the functionality of the original structure. Furthermore, a wide range of characterization techniques has been employed in the investigation regarding the amount of information they can provide and assess their effectiveness in the field. Chemical characterization of the mortar samples has been performed by XRD and XRF and completed with TGA studies. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy, together with 28Si and 27Al-MAS-NMR and Microscopy Studies complete these characterization studies. Although the samples possess similar composition, since the predominant mineralogy is quartz, feldspars, and phyllosilicates, the differences discovered let us establish a relationship between chemical data and petrographic mineralogical data, and the source of materials
Industrial and natural sources of gaseous elemental mercury in the Almadén district (Spain): An updated report on this issue after the ceasing of mining and metallurgical activities in 2003 and major land reclamation works
(Elsevier, 2013) Higueras, Pablo; Esbrí, José María; Oyarzun, Roberto; Llanos, Willians; Martinez-Coronado, Alba; Lillo, Javier; Lopez-Berdonces, Miguel Ángel; Garcia-Noguero, Eva Maria
Two events during the last decade had major environmental repercussions in Almadén town (Spain). First it was the ceasing of activities in the mercury mine and metallurgical facilities in 2003, and then the finalization of the restoration works on the main waste dump in 2008. The combination of both events brought about a dramatic drop in the emissions of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) to the atmosphere. Although no one would now call the Almadén area as 'mercury-free', the GEM levels have fallen beneath international reference safety levels for the first time in centuries. This has been a major breakthrough because in less than one decade the site went from GEM levels in the order of "tens of thousands" to mere "tens" nanogram per cubic meter. Although these figures are per se a remarkable achievement, they do not mark the end of the environmental concerns in the Almadén district. Two other sites remain as potential environmental hazards. (1) The Las Cuevas mercury storage complex, a partially restored ex-mining site where liquid mercury is being stored. The MERSADE Project (LIFE-European Union) has tested the Las Cuevas complex as a potential site for the installation of a future European prototype safe deposit of surplus mercury from industrial activities. Despite restoration works carried out in 2004, the Las Cuevas complex can still be regarded as hotspot of mercury contamination, with high concentrations above 800μgg-1 Hgsoil and 300ngm-3 Hggas. However, as predicted by air contamination modeling using the ISC-AERMOD software, GEM concentrations fade away in a short distance following the formation of a NW-SE oriented narrow plume extending for a few hundred meters from the complex perimeter. (2) Far more dangerous from the human health perspective is the Almadenejos area, hosting the small Almadenejos village, the so-called Cerco de Almadenejos (CDA; an old metallurgical precinct), and the mines of La Nueva Concepción, La Vieja Concepción and El Entredicho. The CDA is an old metallurgical site that operated between 1794 and 1861, leaving behind a legacy of extremely contaminated soils (mean concentration=4220μgg-1 Hg) and GEM emissions that in summer can reach levels up to 4,000-5,000ngm-3. Thus the CDA remains the sole 'urban' site in the district surpassing GEM international reference safety levels. In order to prevent these emissions, the CDA requires immediate action regarding restoration works. These could involve the full removal of soils or their permanent capping to create an impermeable barrier.