Examinando por Autor "Luoto, Miska"

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ForestClim—Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests
(Wiley, 2023-04) Haesen, Stef; Lembrechts, Jonas J.; De Frenne, Pieter; Lenoir, Jonathan; Aalto, Juha; Ashcroft, Michael B; Kopecký, Martin; Luoto, Miska; Maclean, Ilya; Nijs, Ivan; Niittynen, Pekka; van den Hoogen, Johan; Arriga, Nicola; Brůna, Josef; Buchmann, Nina; Čiliak, Marek; Collalti, Alessio; De Lombaerde, Emiel; Descombes, Patrice; Gharun, Mana; Goded, Ignacio; Govaert, Sanne; Greiser, Caroline; Grelle, Achim; Gruening, Carsten; Hederová, Lucia; Hylander, Kristoffer; Kreyling, Jürgen; Kruijt, Bart; Macek, Martin; Máliš, František; Man, Matěj; Manca, Giovanni; Radim, Matula; Camille, Meeussen; Merinero, Sonia; Minerbi, Stefano; Montagnani, Leonardo; Lena, Muffler; Ogaya, Romá; Peñuelas, Josep; Plichta, Roman; Portillo-Estrada, Miguel; Schmeddes, Jonas; Shekhar, Ankit; Spicher, Fabien; Ujházyová, Mariana; Vangansbeke, Pieter; Weigel, Robert; Wild, Jan; Zellweger, Florian; Van Meerbeek, Koenraad
Microclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, the call for high-resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents is becoming more pressing to improve ecological models. Here, we provide a new set of open-access bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests at 25 × 25 m2 resolution.
Global maps of soil temperature
(Wiley, 2022-05) Lembrechts, Jonas J.; van den Hoogen, Johan; Aalto, Juha; Ashcroft, Michael B.; De Frenne, Pieter; Kemppinen, Julia; Kopecký, Martin; Luoto, Miska; Merinero, Sonia; Lenoir, Jonathan
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Warm range margin of boreal bryophytes and lichens not directly limited by temperatures
(Wiley, 2021-10) Greiser, Caroline; Ehrlén, Johan; Luoto, Miska; Meineri, Eric; Merinero, Sonia; Willman, Benny; Hylander, Kristoffer
Species at their warm range margin are potentially threatened by higher temperatures, but may persist in microrefugia. Whether such microsites occur due to more suitable microclimate or due to lower biotic pressure from, for example competitive species, is still not fully resolved. We examined whether boreal bryophytes and lichens show signs of direct climate limitation, that is whether they perform better in cold and/or humid microclimates at their warm range margin. We transplanted a moss, a liverwort and a lichen to 58 boreal forest sites with different microclimates at the species' southern range margin in central Sweden. Species were grown in garden soil patches to control the effects of competitive exclusion and soil quality. We followed the transplanted species over three growing seasons (2016–2018) and modelled growth and vitality for each species as a function of subcanopy temperature, soil moisture, air humidity and forest type. In 2018, we also recorded the cover of other plants having recolonized the garden soil patches and modelled this potential future competition with the same environmental variables plus litter. Species performance increased with warmer temperatures, which was often conditional on high soil moisture, and at sites with more conifers. Soil moisture had a positive effect, especially on the moss in the last year 2018, when the growing season was exceptionally hot and dry. The lichen was mostly affected by gastropod grazing. Recolonization of other plants was also faster at warmer and moister sites. The results indicate that competition, herbivory, shading leaf litter and water scarcity might be more important than the direct effects of temperature for performance at the species' warm range margin. Synthesis. In a transplant experiment with three boreal understorey species, we did not find signs of direct temperature limitation towards the south. Forest microrefugia, that is habitats where these species could persist regional warming, may instead be sites with fewer competitors and enemies, and with sufficient moisture and more conifers in the overstorey.