Examinando por Autor "Morante Carballo, Fernando"

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Mapping Groundwater Potential Zones for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Entre Ríos, Ecuador
(IIETA, 2024-06-25) Carrión Mero, Paúl; Solórzano, Joselyne; Malavé Hernández, Jenifer; Martínez Angulo, Jorge; Montalván Toala, Francisco Javier; Morante Carballo, Fernando
In semi-arid areas, groundwater plays a fundamental role in the agricultural development of rural communities. The Entre Ríos commune, southwest of Santa Elena, lacks surface water resources for the development of local agriculture, which is why the population seeks to delineate Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZ) that allow agricultural reactivation. The focus of this study is to generate a map of the potential of the local hydrogeological resource through geological and geoelectrical campaigns (Transient Electromagnetic Sounding and Vertical Electrical Sounding), in addition to the multi-criteria decision method based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its integration using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), for the establishment of rural sustainability strategies. The GWPZ demarcation used six thematic layers: lithology, resistivity, texture, slope, drainage density and precipitation. The study identified "very high" GWPZ in the area's northeastern (La Seca) and central-south (Santo Tomás) sectors. These areas have coastal aquifer thicknesses of 10 and 5 meters, respectively, and are mainly related to medium to coarse sand lithologies, with 20 to 80 Ωm resistivities. The strategic proposal aligns with SDGs 2, 6, 8, and 12. It includes water sowing and harvesting techniques, water monitoring, and wastewater management with green filters to benefit the agricultural sector.
Proposal of an alluvial dike as a nature-based solution for sustainable water management in coastal areas
(Elsevier, 2024-07-25) Morante Carballo, Fernando; Briones Vitar, Josue; Montalván Toala, Francisco javier; Alencastro Segura, Ana; Chávez Moncayo , Miguel; Carrión Mero, Paúl
Climate change affects several environments, and one of the main problems is the availability and pollution of water resources. As a sustainable strategy, nature-based solutions and rescue of ancestral knowledge are economical and environmentally friendly measures. This study aimed to analyse the design of an alluvial dike by integrating ancestral and engineering knowledge to obtain a surface water reservoir that improves the recharge of the coastal aquifer in the Manglaralto community. This study considers a geological-geotechnical analysis of the study area and presents an environmental analysis of civil work to determine its impact on the surrounding ecosystem systems. The alluvial material dike, green structure, 8 m high, allows the reservoir of approximately 0.06 hm3 of water, which allows the recharge of the coastal aquifer with a field capacity (volumetric content) of 0.1 and conserves its ecosystem. From an environmental perspective, reforestation of the riverbank would reduce annual evapotranspiration, and from an economic perspective, the budget would be reduced considerably (60 % owing to ancestral knowledge and community work). The proposed construction of this second dike relates to the context of Sowing and Harvesting Water (SHW) and nature-based solutions, with community participation leading the processes, with technical accompaniment, to contribute to SDG 2030. This study provides the criterion that the integrality of the green structure offers more significant benefits for the ecosystem and its inhabitants.
Water Quality from Natural Sources for Sustainable Agricultural Development Strategies: Galapagos, Ecuador
(MDPI, 2024-05-25) Carrión Mero, Paúl; Morante Carballo, Fernando; Briones Vitar, Hosue; Jaya Montalvo, Josué; Sánchez Zambrano, Evelyn; Solórzano, Joselyne; Malavé Hernández, Jenifer; Montalván Toala, Francisco Javier; Proaño, Jaime; Flor Pineda, Ángel; Espinel, Ramón
Water is an essential element for agricultural sustainability. In volcanic islands, freshwater sources are limited, challenging the local farming water supply. Rainfall dependence in the Galapagos Islands limits continuous agriculture, and despite using natural water sources, their irrigation quality is little known. This study aimed to carry out a control–diagnosis of irrigation water quality of the natural sources of the four agrarian islands of the Galapagos, considering water quality parameters for the proposal of sustainability strategies in the water and agricultural context. The workflow included (i) freshwater supply situation diagnosis, (ii) physicochemical parameters measurement and hydrochemical characterisation, and (iii) irrigation analysis and sustainability strategies configuration. Results indicated that of the 34 sources analysed, 55.88% are suitable for irrigation and are located in San Cristobal and Santa Cruz. The remaining 44.12% showed problems with parameters such as faecal coliforms, salinity, metals, carbonates, BOD5, and COD above the national permitted limits. Six strategies for water and agricultural sustainability are proposed, including periodic water monitoring, academy–government–community projects, community water board creation, water sowing and harvesting systems, effective management of effluent, and agricultural strengthening. The study guides comprehensive hydric management initiatives to benefit agrarian development and food security, aligning with SDGs 2 and 6.