Examinando por Autor "Moreno-Brieva, Fernando"

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African international trade in the global value chain of lithium batteries
(Springer Nature, 2020) Moreno-Brieva, Fernando; Merino, Carlos
The global value chain of lithium batteries (GVCLB) is revolutionizing different industries in the world, such as computers and vehicles, since their batteries allow the energy storage produced from various sources of electricity, renewable and conventional, online with the approaches to sustainable development and even the circular economy, highlighting that the first type is ideal for use in rural areas, as a social value, when there is no power grid. Within this global context, studies in Africa on this subject are scarce, in spite of this continent has a series of climatic characteristics, which allow the use of lithium batteries to improve the quality of life of a large percentage of its population. For this reason, the objective of this research is to analyze the degree of participation of Africa in the different components of this chain, focusing on the international trade of lithium batteries, the decomposition of comparative advantages, trade flows and the balances of countries. Our findings show a low level of international trade in African countries within the GVCLB, except in Tunisia and South Africa, which depend heavily on imports of lithium batteries in relation to the world, especially from China and Japan. As for the commercial flows of these products within the continent, South Africa is the indisputable leader in Africa, because it exports lithium batteries to the highest number of countries.
Effective Way to Measure the Specialization Levels of an Economy in the Era of Global Value Chains
(Elsevier, 2022) Moreno-Brieva, Fernando
Traditionally, comparative advantages have been measured by the volume of gross exports and with formulas that give asymmetric results. However, with the globalization of value chains, other indices have emerged to partially solve some of these problems. The objective of this study is to create a new index for a linear comparison of different economies around the world at the sectoral specialization level, and without the problem of double international counting originated in the global value chains. The methodology used focuses on the properties of the new index and on the comparison with a previous index that only solved the problem of double counting. The results confirm that the new indicator is more reliable than the other index, especially in more advanced sectors of global value chains. Therefore, it should be used to establish policies related to international trade by different economies and global organizations.
Equidad
(Sindéresis, 2024-12) Moreno-Brieva, Fernando; Müller, Claudio
En este capítulo se presenta el campo que rodea al concepto de equidad, algunos tipos de equidad, la relación existente (por medio de Pareto) entre eficiencia, equidad e igualdad. A su vez, se compara la equidad con la igualdad de género, se hace referencia a la equidad en las pensiones, la educación y el desempleo. Por último, después de presentar dos casos prácticos referidos a la diversidad, equidad e inclusión, se establecen las conclusiones y recomendaciones.
From grey to green and from west to east: The geography and innovation trajectories of hydrogen fuel technologies
(Elsevier, 2023) Moreno-Brieva, Fernando; Guimón, José; Salazar-Elena, Juan Carlos
Despite the potential of hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier, existing studies analysing the recent evolution of this technology are scattered, typically focusing on a specific type of hydrogen technology within a single country or region. In this paper, we adopt a broader perspective, providing an overview of the evolution of knowledge generation across different types of hydrogen fuel, and the leading countries in developing new technologies in this field. Using data from the European Patent Office, we map knowledge generation on hydrogen fuel technologies, exploring its geographic distribution and its link with environmental sustainability. While the United States leads the generation of new knowledge, other Asian and European countries show greater dynamism in growth and specialisation. Our study shows that although hydrogen fuel is considered environmentally friendly, most recent technological developments are still related to fossil energy sources. However, a faster growth rate is observed in the knowledge of hydrogen fuel from renewable sources, pointing to a promising path towards sustainability. Moreover, our analysis of the knowledge interconnection between different hydrogen types suggests that those technologies developed for hydrogen based on fossil energy sources have enabled novel applications based on renewable energies.
Non-Hierarchic Leadership Collaboration: Exploring the Adoption of AI-Driven Social Networking for Addressing Social Challenges in an Extra-Organizational Environment
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Basilio Ruiz de Apodaca, Oihana; Montes Gan, Vicente J.; Moreno-Brieva, Fernando
The literature has explained how technology adoption and usage is affected by many socio-technical issues and how the emergence and evolution of networks is key for innovation. However, empirical analysis of interactions between leadership networks and new artificial intelligence-driven technologies is scarce. To shed new light on leadership communities around the adoption of an existing and a new technology related to leadership networks, we analyze the level of socio-digital engagement of a non-hierarchical network of individuals associated with a prestigious Spanish Foundation in the context of pressing social challenges. We apply a methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods, sentiment analysis, and insider research to analyze the strategy applied by the Foundation. Our main results show that the existence of strong, trust-based relationships and the introduction of a well-designed AI-based tool may only have a limited effect on the adoption of technology and the evolution of a network. Specifically, in the case studied, the network of leaders around the Foundation comprised peer leadership networks but not collective leadership networks focused on action on social challenges.
Scientific and Technological Links from Samsung On Lithium Batteries and Graphene
(Universidad Alberto Hurtado, 2020) Moreno-Brieva, Fernando; Merino-Moreno, Carlos
Lithium and graphene are two substantial raw materials for the manufacture of lithium secondary batteries that can be recharged quickly, whenever a user needs it for the operation of computers, electric vehicles and cell phones, among other products. In this regard, Samsung appears as the world’s leading corporation, by observing the technology generation of this type of batteries and the molecule indicated previously, considering its environment and management. For this reason, the study aims to analyze and compare the effects of technological regimes on the technology generation of the leading companies of the Samsung group, as well as their networks, considering patent applications and the types of institutions related, even if there is collaboration between these companies. Our findings show that Samsung’s selected companies, related to lithium rechargeable batteries and graphene, are strongly linked to their technological regimes.
Technology generation and international collaboration in the Global Value Chain of Lithium Batteries
(Elsevier, 2019) Moreno-Brieva, Fernando; Marín, Raquel
The Global Value Chain (GVC) literature generally highlights the opportunities for developing economies to be found in technological upgrading – although the generation of technology tends to be associated with the highest added-value stages, what could be a limiting aspect in those chains based primarily on natural resources. The case of lithium batteries allows analysis of the trade-off between technology generation and international collaboration, as well as any potential asymmetries between producers of natural resources and end-use products within the same GVC. Lithium is a relevant component, currently seen as a valuable player in the reduction of fossil fuel emissions, given the potential of lithium batteries for energy storage, in final applications ranging from consumer electronics to electric vehicles. Our findings show a divergent relationship between lithium producers and related technologies at the country level, across the different stages of the Global Value Chain for Lithium Batteries (GVCLB), and this suggests that upgrading throughout the value chain could foster imbalances. Empirical analysis has been conducted using data from patent applications made to the European Patent Office, and the findings reveal wide international divergence and numerous interactions within the GVCLB, defining a complex international pattern of collaboration, with technology generation concentrated into very few economies.
Technology Generation of Lithium Batteries in Leading Countries
(Springer, 2021) Moreno-Brieva, Fernando; Merino-Moreno, Carlos
Rechargeable lithium batteries are a key component of the global value chain of this chemical element. They have revolutionized different industries in the world (such as the automotive industry), with the intention of reducing the greenhouse effect and combating climate change. The aim of this research is to know the positioning of leading countries in the technology generation of lithium rechargeable batteries and the existing geo-strategic support between them. To achieve this purpose, we created and applied a new linear index to determine the technology regimes and the application of other known indexes (related to attractiveness, specialization and benchmarking) linked to technology generation in lithium batteries from 1993 to 2015. The main results show that China is oriented to technological regimes and that the United States, Germany, South Korea and Japan are focused on scientific regimes, and the consequences of these regimes are a direct technological competition between China and South Korea (this last country supported by Germany and Japan).