Examinando por Autor "Ogallar, Pedro M."

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Extinction Contexts Fail to Transfer Control: Implications for Conditioned Inhibition and Occasion-Setting Accounts of Renewal
(American Psychological Association (APA), 2020) Balea, Paula; Nelson, James Byron; Ogallar, Pedro M.; Lamoureux, Jeffrey A.; Aranzubia-Olasolo, Manuel; Sanjuan, María del Carmen
The renewal effect is often explained as a side effect of the extinction context acting as a negative occasion setter. Four experiments tested whether extinction contexts show the selective-transfer property of occasion setters. Experiments 1–3 used a predictive judgment task where participants rated the probability of certain foods (cues) producing gastric malaise (outcomes) in different restaurants (contexts). Experiment 4 used a behavioral suppression task where sensor lights (cues) served as signals to suppress firing responses in certain galaxies (contexts). All 4 (Experiments 1–4) addressed whether a potentially negative occasion-setting context transferred its modulatory power to an extinguished (presumably occasion set) target in the test phase of an ABC renewal design. Experiments 2–4 further assessed the possibility that the extinction context acts as a conditioned inhibitor by testing a simple excitor on a context where extinction occurred. Neither selective (occasion-setting) nor nonselective transfer (conditioned inhibition) was demonstrated. Implications for theories of renewal and occasion setting are discussed.
Extinction may not result in occasion setting
(2018) Nelson, James Byron; Balea, Paula; Ogallar, Pedro M.; Fabiano, Andrew; Lamoureux, Jeffrey A.; Sanjuan, María del Carmen
Three experiments with humans (two predictive-learning tasks, one behavioral task) examined the occasion-setting properties of extinction contexts. Extinction performance was attenuated when an extinguished stimulus was tested in a different context, regardless of whether another stimulus had been extinguished there (all experiments). Extinction in the test context had no effect on a non-extinguished stimulus (experiment 3). An extinction context had neither the properties of a negative occasion setter nor a conditioned inhibitor.
Failure of transfer of occasion setting between extinction contexts
(2018) Balea, Paula; Sanjuan, María del Carmen; Ogallar, Pedro M.; Lamoureux, Jeffrey A.; Fabiano, Andrew; Nelson, James Byron
Three experiments with humans, two with a predictive-learning task and one with a behavioral-suppression task, tested whether extinction contexts act as negative occasion setters. Feature-negative occasion setters transfer control to other stimuli that have been occasion set, unlike conditioned inhibitors which affect any stimulus paired with the same outcome. All experiments used an ABC design where the target stimulus was conditioned and extinguished in contexts A and B, respectively, prior to being tested in C. In context C, some participants had also received extinction of another stimulus so that C could be a negative occasion setter and enable extinction performance or be a conditioned in inhibitor and suppress conditioning performance. Extinction in C had no effect on responding to the conditioned and extinguished target stimulus: Equal ABC renewal was observed (E1-E3). Neither did extinction in C affect responding to a non-extinguished CS (E3). There was no evidence of extinction producing occasion setting, nor conditioned inhibition in well-powered studies.