Examinando por Autor "Paredes, Borja"

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Morir y matar por un grupo o unos valores. Estrategias para evitar, reducir y/o erradicar el comportamiento grupal extremista
(Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid, 2016-04-01) Gómez, Ángel; López-Rodríguez, Lucia; Vázquez, Alexandra; Paredes, Borja; Martínez, Mercedes
Recientemente se han propuesto 2 aproximaciones teóricas que tratan de explicar por qué algunas personas están dispuestas a morir y matar por su grupo o por sus creencias. La fusión de la identidad es una conexión visceral con un grupo que predice la disposición a comportamientos extremos por el grupo. La teoría de los valores sagrados sostiene que algunas personas tienen una conexión visceral con un valor que les lleva a considerarlo sagrado y predice la disposición a hacer sacrificios costosos por dichos valores. El modelo de los actores devotos postula que quienes mantienen ciertos valores sagrados y están fusionados con el grupo que comparte dichos valores estarán dispuestos a hacer sacrificios excepcionalmente costosos y extremos por sus creencias y/o por su grupo. El presente trabajo analiza estas teorías y el modelo de los actores devotos desde el punto de vista de su relación con el terrorismo.
Recent advances, misconceptions, untested assumptions, and future research agenda for identity fusion theory
(Wiley, 2020-04-23) Gómez, Ángel; Chinchilla, Juana; Vázquez, Alexandra; López-Rodríguez, Lucía; Paredes, Borja; Martínez, Mercedes
Just a decade ago, two psychologists, Swann, and Gómez, developed a new theoretical framework to explain extreme pro-group behaviors: identity fusion theory. Identity fusion refers to a visceral feeling of oneness with a group that motivates individuals to do extraordinary self-sacrifices on behalf of the group or each of its members. Since the formulation of the theory, interdisciplinary researchers of the five continents have conducted dozens of studies on identity fusion, both in laboratory and field settings. Research has deepened into the causes, consequences, underlying mechanisms, and applications of identity fusion. The development of fusion-based research has been steadfast and very prolific. Hence, the first section of the current manuscript includes an updated overview of this fast growing literature. This increasing interest for the theory has, however, been accompanied by a series of misconceptions and untested research assumptions, which we address in the second and third sections of the paper, concluding with a final section suggesting a future research agenda. Our aim is to help those interested in knowing more about identity fusion or about the causal mechanisms that lead individuals to risk their life and personal well-being for a group discarding common misconceptions as well as formulating more precise and nuanced hypotheses for future research.
Why people enter and embrace violent groups
(Frontiers, 2021-01-07) Gómez, Ángel; Martínez, Mercedes; Martel, Francois Alexi; López-Rodríguez, Lucia; Vázquez, Alexandra; Chinchilla, Juana; Paredes, Borja; Hettiarachchi, Mal; Hamid, Nafees; Swann , Bill
We distinguish two pathways people may follow when they join violent groups: compliance and internalization. Compliance occurs when individuals are coerced to join by powerful influence agents. Internalization occurs when individuals join due to a perceived convergence between the self and the group. We searched for evidence of each of these pathways in field investigations of former members of two renowned terrorist organizations: the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) (Study 1) and Islamist radical groups (Study 2). Results indicated that ex-fighters joined LTTE for reasons associated with both compliance and internalization but that ex-fighters joined Islamist radical groups primarily for reasons associated with internalization. When compliance occurred, it often took the form of coercion within LTTE but involved charismatic persuasion agents within Islamist groups. This evidence of systematic differences in the reasons why fighters enter violent groups suggests that strategies for preventing radicalization and fostering de-radicalization should be tailored to particular groups.
Willingness to sacrifice among convicted Islamist terrorists versus violent gang members and other criminals
(Nature, 2022-02-16) Gómez, Ángel; Atran, Scott; Chinchilla, Juana; López-Rodríguez, Lucia; Paredes, Borja; Martínez, Mercedes; Blanco, Laura; Alba, Beatriz; Bautista, Hend; Fernández, Saulo; Pozuelo-Rubio, Florencia; González-Álvarez, José Luis; Chiclana, Sandra; Valladares-Narganes, Hector; Alonso, María; Ruíz-Alvarado, Alfredo; López-Novo, José Luís; Davis, Richard
Is terrorism just another form of criminal activity, as many nations’ justice systems assume? We ofer an initial answer using facetoface interviews and structured surveys in thirtyfve Spanish prisons.Recent theories of extreme sacrifce inform this direct observational and comparative study. Islamist terrorists display levels of selfsacrifce for their primary reference group similar to that of Latino gangs, but greater willingness to sacrifce for primary values than other inmates (nonradical Muslims, Latino gangs, and delinquent bands). This disposition is motivated by stronger perceived injustice, discrimination, and a visceral commitment to such values (risk/radicalization factors). Nevertheless, state authorities, prison staf, and families are (protective/deradicalization) factors apt to reduce willingness to sacrifce and keep foreign fighters, now being released in large numbers, from returning to terrorism.