Examinando por Autor "Salvemini, Lucia"

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Evidence of a causal relationship between high serum adiponectin levels and increased cardiovascular mortality rate in patients with type 2 diabetes
(BioMed Central, 2016) Ortega Moreno, Lorena; Copetti, Massimiliano; Fontana, Andrea; De Bonis, Concetta; Salvemini, Lucia; Trischitta, Vincenzo; Menzaghi, Claudia
Background Despite its beneficial role on insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, adiponectin has been repeatedly reported as an independent positive predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Methods A Mendelian randomization approach was used, in order to evaluate whether such counterintuitive association recognizes a cause-effect relationship. To this purpose, single nucleotide polymorphism rs822354 in the ADIPOQ locus which has been previously associated with serum adiponectin at genome-wide level, was used as an instrument variable. Our investigation was carried out in the Gargano Heart Study-prospective design, comprising 356 patients with type 2 diabetes, in whom both total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin were measured and cardiovascular mortality was recorded (mean follow-up = 5.4 ± 2.5 years; 58 events/1922 person-year). Results The A allele of rs822354 was associated with both total and HMW adiponectin [β (SE) = 0.10 (0.042), p = 0.014 and 0.17 (0.06), p = 0.003; respectively]. In a Poisson model comprising age, sex, smoking habits, BMI, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin therapy and hypertension, both rs822354 (IRR = 1.94, 95 % CI 1.23–3.07; p = 0.005), as well as the genetic equivalent of total adiponectin change (IRR = 1.07, 95 % CI 1.02–1.12; p = 0.003) were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality. The observed genetic effect was significantly greater than that exerted by the genetic equivalent change of serum adiponectin (p for IRR heterogeneity = 0.012). In the above-mentioned adjusted model, very similar results were obtained when HMW, rather than total, adiponectin was used as the exposure variable of interest. Conclusions Our data suggest that the paradoxical association between high serum adiponectin levels and increased cardiovascular mortality rate is based on a cause-effect relationship, thus pointing to an unexpected deleterious role of adiponectin action/metabolism on atherosclerotic processes.
Serum Adiponectin and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
(PlosOne, 2015) Ortega Moreno, Lorena; Lamacchia, Olga; Copetti, Massimiliano; Salvemini, Lucia; De Bonis, Concetta; De Cosmo, Salvatore; Cignarelli, Mauro; Trischitta, Vincenzo; Menzaghi, Claudia
High serum adiponectin has been increased in several conditions of kidney disease. Only sparse and conflicting results have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a subgroup of individuals who are at high risk for renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to fill up this gap of knowledge by investigating such association in a large sample of Italian diabetic patients. The association between serum adiponectin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration CKD-EPI equation) was investigated in 1,243 patients with T2D from two cross-sectional Italian studies: 878 from San Giovanni Rotondo (SGR) and 365 from Foggia (FG). Serum adiponectin was inversely associated with eGFR in SGR [β (standard error, SE) for 1 standard deviation (SD) of adiponectin = -3.26 (0.64)] and in FG [β(SE)=-5.70(1.28)] sample, as well as in the two studies combined [β(SE)=-3.99(0.59)];(p<0.0001 for all). In this combined analysis, the association was still significant after adjusting for sex, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive and anti-dyslipidemic treatments [β (SE)= -2.19 (0.59), p = 0.0001]. A stronger association between each SD adiponectin increment and low eGFR was observed among patients with micro-/macro-albuminuria, as compared to those with normo-albuminuria [adjusted β(SE)=-4.42(1.16) ml/min/ 1.73m2 vs. -1.50 (0.67) ml/min/1.73m2 , respectively; p for adiponectin-by-albuminuric status = 0.022]. For each adiponectin SD increment, the odds of having eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 increased by 41% (odds ratio, OR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.21–1.64) in SGR sample, 53% (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.21–1.94) in FG sample, and 44% (OR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.27–1.64) in the two studies considered together (p<0.0001 for all). In the combined sample, further adjustment for the above mentioned covariates did not change the observed association (OR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.16–1.60; p<0.0001). Our study, so far the largest addressing the relationship between serum adiponectin and GFR in T2D, strongly suggests that the paradoxical inverse association, previously reported in different clinical sets, is also observed in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to unravel the biology underlying this counterintuitive relationship.
Serum Resistin and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
(PlosOne, 2015) Ortega Moreno, Lorena; Salvemini, Lucia; Mendonca, Christine; Copetti, Massimiliano; De Bonis, Concetta; De Cosmo, Salvatore; Doria, Alessandro; Trischitta, Vincenzo; Menzaghi, Claudia
Background High serum levels of the pro-inflammatory adipokine resistin have been associated with decreased renal function in the general population. The goal of this study was to investigate whether such association is also present among diabetic subjects, who are at increased risk of renal function loss. Methods The cross-sectional association between serum resistin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was investigated in 1,560 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients of European ancestry comprised in two different cohorts: 762 patients from San Giovanni Rotondo (SGR; Italy) and 798 patients from Boston (US). Results Serum resistin was inversely associated with eGFR in SGR [β (SE) for one SD of resistin increment = -1.01 (0.70) ml/min/1.73m2 , p = 0.019] and in Boston [β (SE) = -5.31 (0.74) ml/min/1.73m2 , p < 0.001] samples, as well as in the two studies combined [β (SE) = -3.42 (0.52) ml/min/1.73m2 , p < 0.001]. The association was unaffected by adjustment for smoking habits, BMI, waist circumference, diabetes duration, HbA1c, insulin treatment, hypertension and lipid-lowering therapy: β (SE) for one SD of resistin increment = -1.07 (0.70), p = 0.02; -5.50 (0.88), p < 0.001; and -2.81 (0.55) ml/min/1.73m2 , p < .001, in SGR, Boston and the two studies combined, respectively. The association was significantly stronger in men than in women (p for resistin-by-gender interaction = 0.003). For each resistin SD increment, the odds of having eGFR < 0 ml/min/1.73m2 increased by 22% (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.02–1.44; p = 0.025) in SGR sample, 69% (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.38–2.07; p < 0.001) in Boston sample, and 47% (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.29–1.68; p < 0.001) in the two studies considered together. Similar associations were observed in the adjusted model: OR 95% CI for each SD resistin increment being 1.23 (1.03–1.46), p = 0.021; 1.52 (1.20–1.92), p < 0.001; 1.33 (1.16–1.53), p < 0.001, in SGR, Boston and the two studies combined, respectively. Conclusions This is the first report of an association between high serum resistin and low eGFR in patients with T2D of European ancestry.
Serum resistin is causally related to mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: preliminary evidences from genetic data
(2017) Ortega Moreno, Lorena; Fontana, Andrea; Lamacchia, Olga; De Bonis, Concetta; Salvemini, Lucia; De Cosmo, Salvatore; Cignarelli, Mauro; Copetti, Massimiliano; Trischitta, Vincenzo; Menzaghi, Claudia
Resistin has been firmly associated with all-cause mortality. We investigated, whether, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), this association is sustained by a cause-effect relationship. A genotype risk score (GRS), created by summing the number of resistin increasing alleles of two genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), serum resistin measurements and allcause death records were obtained in 1,479 (403 events/12,454 person-years), patients with T2D from three cohorts, Gargano Heart Study-prospective design (n=350), Gargano Mortality Study (n=698) and Foggia Mortality Study (n=431), from Italy. GRS was strongly associated with serum resistin in a non-linear fashion (overall p=3.5*10−7) with effect size modest for GRS=1 and 2 and much higher for GRS >3, with respect to GRS=0. A significant non-linear association was observed also between GRS and all-cause mortality (overall p=3.3*10−2), with a low effect size for GRS=1 and 2, and nearly doubled for GRS≥3, with respect to GRS=0. Based on the above-reported associations, each genetic equivalent SD increase in log-resistin levels showed a causal hazard ratio of all-cause mortality equal to 2.17 (95%CI: 1.22–3.87), thus providing evidence for a causal role of resistin in shaping the risk of mortality in diabetic patients.
Suggestive evidence of a multicytokine resistin pathway in humans and its role on cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals
(Springer Nature, 2017) Menzaghi, Claudia; Marucci, Antonella; Antonocci, Alessandra; De Bonis, Concetta; Ortega Moreno, Lorena; Salvemini, Lucia; Copetti, Massimiliano; Trischitta, Vincenzo; di Paola, Rosa
In cells and tissues resistin affects IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α expression, thus suggesting the existence of a multi-cytokine “resistin pathway”. We investigated whether such pathway does exist in humans and, if so, if it is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Serum cytokines were measured in 280 healthy subjects from the Gargano Study 2 (GS2) whose BMI, waist circumference, HOMAIR, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure data were available and in 353 patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease from the Gargano Heart Study (GHS)-prospective design (follow-up 5.4±2.5 years; 71 MACE). In GS2, cytokines mRNA levels in white blood cells were also measured. In GS2, resistin mRNA was correlated with all cytokines expression (all p<0.001), but IL-12B. Consistently, serum resistin was correlated with all serum cytokines (all p<0.001), but IL-12. Expression (eRPS) and serum (sRPS) resistin pathway scores (excluding IL-12) were each other correlated (p<0.001) and both associated with cardiovascular risk factors (all p<0.01). In GHS, sRPS was independently associated with MACE (HR=1.44, 95% CI=1.10–1.90). Our data indicate the existence of a resistin pathway, which is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and which strongly and independently predicts MACE.
The combined effect of adiponectin and resistin on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence of synergism with abdominal adiposity
(2016) Ortega Moreno, Lorena; Lamacchia, Olga; Fontana, Andrea; Copetti, Massimiliano; Salvemini, Lucia; De Bonis, Concetta; Cignarelli, Mauro; Trischitta, Vincenzo; Menzaghi, Claudia
Background and aims While elevated serum adiponectin and resistin levels have been singly associated with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), their combined effect has never been studied. We investigated such joint effect in patients with T2D and its possible modulation by several demographic and clinical conditions, known to affect per se mortality rate. Methods Patients with T2D from the Gargano Mortality Study (GMS; N = 895, follow-up = 10.5 ± 3.7 years; 290 events) and the Foggia Mortality Study (FMS; N = 519, follow-up = 7.1 ± 2.5 years; 140 events) were examined. Results As singly considered, adiponectin and resistin were independently associated with mortality rate in GMS and FMS (p < 0.0001 for both). The two studies were then pooled, for investigating the nature of the joint effect of the two adipokines. In such sample, both adipokines were associated with death, independent of each other and of several additional covariates (p = 0.01–4.58 × 10−12). Of note, no adiponectin-by-resistin interaction was observed (p = 0.40), thus pointing to an additive effect of the two adipokines. As compared to individuals with low levels of both adiponectin and resistin (i.e. below median values), those with high levels of both adipokines had an HR (95%CI) for death of 3.02 (2.26–4.03). Such increased risk was more pronounced in individuals with relatively low abdominal adiposity (p for HR heterogeneity below or above the median value of waist circumference = 0.03). Conclusions Adiponectin and resistin show an additive independent effect on all-cause mortality in patients with T2D. Such effect is modified by abdominal adiposity.
The paradoxical association of adiponectin with mortality rate in patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence of synergism with kidney function
(Elseiver, 2016) Ortega Moreno, Lorena; Lamacchia, Olga; Salvemini, Lucia; De Bonis, Concetta; De Cosmo, Salvatore; Cignarelli, Mauro; Trischitta, Vincenzo; Menzaghi, Claudia