Examinando por Autor "Santandreu, Emilio M."

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Determinants of Repayment among Male and Female Microcredit Clients in the USA. An Approach Based on Managers’ Perceptions
(MDPI, 2020-02-25) Santandreu, Emilio M.; López Pascual, Joaquín; Cruz Rambaud, Salvador
Research on microfinance institutions (MFIs) has normally been focused on developing and emerging markets. However, an analysis of developed countries is also important for foreign MFIs wishing to take advantage of the growth potential of those markets. Therefore, the aim of this article is to determine whether MFIs working in the USA’s market should change or adapt their microcredit policies with respect to women. In effect, there are no studies in the USA supporting the argument that women are a better risk of microcredit than men, or that there are differences in microcredit repayment behavior between women and men. Additionally, it was investigated if the payment behavior of women and men is related to variables such as their age, ethnicity, academic level, marital status, or the characteristics of the microcredits, like purposes, amounts, and payment terms. In the USA, there are not—as in other countries—strong incentives, motivations, or external pressures, other than those that men also have, which influence women to pay their microloans better than men. Then, domestic and international MFIs attracted to enter the USA’s market should review their microcredit policies in relation to women. More research is needed about the microfinance market in the USA.
Should gender be a determinant factor for granting crowdfunded microloans?
(Springer Nature, 2022-12-13) Cruz Rambaud, Salvador; López Pascual, Joaquín; Moro-Visconti, Roberto; Santandreu, Emilio M.
Crowdfunded microloans are a suitable tool for financing basic economic activities in developing as well as developed countries, favouring female empowerment. Despite the loans being relatively small, the widespread use of this instrument merits analyzing the factors affecting the microloan. One of these factors is gender because microloans are an important tool to finance projects promoted by women in many developing countries where microfinance is widely diffused. This research aims to determine if the gender of crowdfunded micro-borrowers is related to the main features which define the conditions of a microloan: amount, term, number of lenders, length of time to contact with borrowers and repayment system. The methodology used is the multinomial logit regression. The sample used in this study has been obtained by applying sampling techniques to a extensive public database from Kiva. This provided information on microloans from 56 countries around the world. The results based on amount, term, repayment method and recruitment period indicate that women are the best borrowers. All these variables, except the term, are significant at a 5% level. These findings may be useful to improve financial inclusion and outreach, consistently with the Sustainable Development Goals. Future research is needed to assess how “green and pink” microfinance (with environmental strategies particularly favored by women) can attract more ESG-compliant crowdfunding resources.