Examinando por Autor "Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio"

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Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Jefferson empathy scale health professions students’ version in Spanish Occupational therapy students
(BMC, 2021-09-06) Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Rodríguez-Pérez, Mª Pilar; Máximo-Bocanegra, Nuria; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa M; Trugeda-Pedrajo, Nuria; Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
Background: In occupational therapy, empathy is a fundamental concept and has a positive impact on health and quality of care outcomes for patients. It is a basic and essential concept that should prevail in the training of occupational therapy students. The aim of this study is to validate and cross-culturally adapt the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale, version for health professionals (JSE-HPS) in a sample of Spanish university students of occupational therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between 2019 and 2020. A convenience sample was selected, consisting of 221 students from the four courses of the Occupational Therapy degree at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos during the 2019–20 academic year. Each of the participants voluntarily and anonymously completed a sociodemographic data sheet (including age and sex), in addition to the following assessment scales: JSE-HPS and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results: A culturally adapted version of the JSE-HPS that guarantees conceptual and grammatical equivalence specific to the study population was obtained. The psychometric analysis of the translated version showed a Cronbach coefficient α of 0.786. The test-retest reliability analysis showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90 (95% CI = 0.86–0.93; p < 0.0001). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed positive results (χ2 = 269.095, df = 167, p < 0.001, Confirmatory Fit Index [CFI] = 0.90, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.04). Conclusion: The cultural adaptation and psychometric results suggest that the Spanish version of the JSE-HPS is a valid and reliable way to evaluate the empathic ability of occupational therapy students.
Descripción de la afectación de la destreza y función manual en pacientes con distonía focal de la mano
(Elsevier España S.L.U, 2023-01) Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa M; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Máximo-Bocanegra, Nuria; Sánchez-Camarero, Carlos; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta; Martínez-Castrillo, Juan Carlos
We performed an observational, cross-sectional, case-control study including 24 participants (12 patients with focal hand dystonia and 12 controls). The patients were referred by the neurology department of Hospital Ramón y Cajal. We gathered sociodemographic data, as well as retrospective clinical data for patients. We subsequently administered evaluation tests, in the following order: Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Box and Blocks Test (BBT), Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), and Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF).The study sample included a total of 24 participants, 7 women and 17 men, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 50.79 (14.40) years. In the patient group, neuromuscular involvement or psycho-emotional problems were not detected in half of cases; smaller numbers of patients presented difficulties associated with the right shoulder (25%) and anxious state (33.3%).
Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on sleep in children: A systematic review
(Elsevier, 2022) Camacho-Montaño, Lucia Rocío; Iranzo, Alex; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa María; Camacho-Montaño, Laura María; Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; García-Bravo, Cristina; Heredia-Torres, Marta Pérez de
Our main aim was to examine the evidence of the effects of coronavirus disease confinement on the sleep of children aged 12 years and younger. A systematic review was conducted following the recommendations for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. MEDLINE, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica Database, Psychological Information Database, and Web Of Science were systematically searched between the period of January 2020 and March 2021. The quality assessment was analysed with the NewcastleeOttawa quality assessment scale and the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. The appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies was applied to cross-sectional studies and each longitudinal study was assessed with the critical appraisal skills programme. Data analysis was carried out through a narrative review. Eight studies were included in the review. Seven studies reported changes in sleep routines and five studies focused on sleep disturbances during confinement. The most important findings were a longer duration of sleep time, an increase in sleep latency, and daytime sleepiness. Whether or not the adverse changes to sleep patterns and bedtime routines seen during the home confinement period have any long-term consequences for children's sleep and daytime functioning remains unknown.
Effects of Intensive Vibratory Treatment with a Robotic System on the Recovery of Sensation and Function in Patients with Subacute and Chronic Stroke: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial
(MDPI, 2022-06-21) Rodríguez-Pérez, Mª Pilar; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Cano-de-la-Cuerda, Roberto; Camacho-Montaño, Lucia Rocío; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
Background: Sensory–motor deficits are frequent and affect the functionality after stroke. The use of robotic systems to improve functionality and motor performance is advisable; therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intensive, high-frequency vibration treatment administered with a robotic system in subacute and chronic stroke patients in terms of upper limb sensitivity, motor function, quantity and quality of movement, and quality of life. Methods: A simple-blind, non-randomized controlled trial was conducted. The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment and the experimental group received robotic treatment with an Amadeo® robot in addition to their conventional rehabilitation sessions. Results: Intragroup analysis identified significant improvements in the experimental group in hand (p = 0.012), arm (p = 0.018), and shoulder (p = 0.027) sensitivity, as well as in motor function (FMA-UEmotor function, p = 0.028), integration of the affected limb (MAL-14amount scale, p = 0.011; MAL-14How well scale, p = 0.008), and perceived quality of life (SIS-16, p = 0.008). The measures between the control and experimental groups showed statistically significant differences in motor performance and spontaneous use of the affected limb (MAL-14amount scale, p = 0.021; MAL-14How well scale, p = 0.037). Conclusions: Intensive, high-frequency vibration with a robotic system, in combination with conventional intervention, improves the recovery of upper limb function in terms of quantity and quality of movement in patients with subacute and chronic stroke.
Empathy in occupational therapy students: a cross- sectional study at a Spanish university
(BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, 2022-04-26) Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa M; Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Máximo-Bocanegra, Nuria; Trugeda-Pedrajo, Nuria; Rodríguez-Pérez, Mª Pilar; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
Introduction Empathy is an important interpersonal skill and a fundamental component in the professional–patient relationship, being the basis for implementing person-centred practice. In several studies, a decrease in empathy levels throughout training in medicine, nursing or dentistry, among others, has been shown. There are few studies on the occupational therapy branch of healthcare. The aim was to determine the degree of empathy perceived by students of occupational therapy at a Spanish university, as well as to analyse the differences between empathy levels according to the different degree courses and gender. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 221 occupational therapy students from a Spanish university. The Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Profession Student’s Spanish version (JSPE-HPS-S) were used as outcome measures. Results According to the results found, high level of empathy was found on all dimension of the IRI (69.84 (9.80)) and the JSPE-HPS-S (122 (94–140)). Although high levels of empathy among occupational therapy students are observed in all degree courses, no significant differences were found between them. Statistically significant differences and a moderate effect size (r) were found between the variables according to the gender of the participants, with females showing greater empathy in the overall scores of the IRI as well as in the JSPE-HPS-S (p=0.002, r=0.212; p=0.001, r=0.327, respectively). Conclusions Empathy is an essential competence for the development of quality occupational therapy practice. According to the results and although occupational therapy students showed high levels of empathy, it is important to pay attention to the evolution of empathy and to provide students with learning experiences that prevent its possible decline.
Headaches and Dizziness as Disabling, Persistent Symptoms in Patients with Long COVID-A National Multicentre Study
(MDPI, 2022-10-06) Rodríguez-Pérez, Mª Pilar; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Rodríguez-Ledo, Pilar; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; García-Bravo, Cristina; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
Background: Currently, about 15% of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients are affected by Long COVID worldwide; however, this condition has not yet been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of symptom persistence as well as clinical and socio-demographic variables in a cohort of people with Long COVID. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of a sample of adult patients from different Spanish regions presenting with Long COVID. Data collection was conducted between April and July 2021. Functional status and dependency were assessed. Results: A multivariate linear regression was performed, and the model was statistically significant (F (7; 114) = 8.79; p < 0.001), according to the overall ALDQ score. The variables with a statistically significant effect on the degree of dependence were age (p = 0.014), time since diagnosis (p = 0.02), headaches (p = 0.031), and dizziness (p = 0.039). Functional status post-COVID showed a positive and significant relationship with the percentage of dependence (p < 0.001). Conclusions: People affected by Long COVID showed moderate dependency status and limitations in functionality. Those with neurological symptoms, such as dizziness and headaches, as well as older age, showed a higher degree of dependency. Improvements in dependency status occurred with increasing time since diagnosis.
How Do Motor and Sensory Function Correlate with Daily Performance Recovery after Post-Stroke Robotic Intervention? A Secondary Analysis of a Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
(MDPI, 2023-03-10) Rodríguez-Pérez, Mª Pilar; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Montes-Montes, Rebeca; Cano-de-la-Cuerda, Roberto; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa Mª; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Obeso-Benítez, Paula; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
New technologies have been developed to complement conventional interventions to better target the specific needs of people with stroke, and they have been shown to improve both function and performance. However, it is unknown whether the baseline levels of sensorimotor function and performance interrelate with the improvement in upper limb and daily performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline levels of sensorimotor function and daily performance and its impact on post-intervention improvement in people with stroke following a robotic intervention. A single-blind, non-randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Participants in the experimental group (n = 9) received a robotic intervention in addition to conventional treatment. Sensorimotor function was measured with Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments® and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale. Upper limb and daily performance were measured with the MAL and SIS-16 scales. The multivariate regression models showed that baseline levels of upper limb performance and motor function predicted >95% of the variance in upper limb performance (p < 0.001), while pre-intervention levels of daily performance explained >75% of the post-intervention variance (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that basal upper limb motor function is associated with improved performance following a combined intervention of conventional treatment and robotic intervention
Influence of Age, Gender and Education Level on Executive Functions and Functioning in People with Stroke
(MDPI, 2023-06-01) Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Cano-de-la-Cuerda, Roberto; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Fernández-Vázquez, Diego; Navarro-López, Víctor; González-Alted, Carlos; Miangolarra-Page, Juan Carlos
Background: Alterations in mental functions are among the most frequent manifestations of stroke that have a direct impact on the patient’s functionality. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of sociodemographic variables with the executive functions (EFs) of participants with right middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional observational case-control study was conducted at the State Center for Brain Damage in Madrid, Spain. Fifty-eight subjects were recruited and divided into two groups. Each participant was administered the following: the FIM+FAM Functional Assessment Measure, the Lawton and Brody scale, The Trail-Making Test, the Zoo Map Test and the Hanoi Tower. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were identified between participants with ischemic stroke and control in functional and EF functions, as well as between participants with hemorrhagic stroke and control. No statistically significant differences were found in the experimental group between subjects who had sustained ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. No significant associations were identified between the variables age, gender and education level in relation to functionality and executive functions (p > 0.05) in people with stroke. Conclusion: People who have suffered a right cerebral artery stroke have deficiencies in the EFS, resulting in poorer performance of the activity of daily living, compared to healthy subjects of the same age, gender and education level. In the correlational analysis of the stroke participants, no significant associations were identified between the variables gender, age and education level in relation to functionality and EF
Influence of Ideational Praxis on the Development of Play and Adaptive Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative Analysis
(MDPI, 2021-05-26) Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Santos-Del-Riego, Sergio; May-Benson, Teresa A; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
Background: Traditionally, assessment of praxis skills in children with ASD has focused on the evaluation of aspects related to the planning and execution of actions. This study aimed to evaluate the ideational abilities of children with ASD and analyze possible relationships with the development of play and adaptive behaviors. Methods: 40 children between 4 to 6 years (TD = 20; ASD = 20) were evaluated with the Test of Ideational Praxis, the Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale, and the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II. Results: Statistically significant relationships were obtained between ideational praxis and play skills development (r = 0.649; p = 0.01), adaptive leisure behavior (r = 0.338; p = 0.04) and social adaptive behavior (r = 0.319; p = 0.04). Results of multiple linear regression models found a linear relationship between ideational praxis and play development (p = 0.005) and adaptive leisure skills (p = 0.004), but not with social interaction skills (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Objective evaluation with a specific ideational praxis assessment facilitates understanding of the ideational abilities and widens understanding of praxis skills and their impact on play and adaptive behaviors in children with ASD.
Protocol for the Development of Automatic Multisensory Systems to Analyze Human Activity for Functional Evaluation: Application to the EYEFUL System
(MDPI, 2024-04-18) Obeso-Benítez, Paula; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta; Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Máximo-Bocanegra, Nuria; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Marron-Romera, Marta; Macias-Guarasa, Javier; Losada-Gutierrez, Cristina; Palazuelos-Cagigas, Sira E.; Martin-Sanchez, Jose L.; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa
The EYEFUL system represents a pioneering initiative designed to leverage multisensory systems for the automatic evaluation of functional ability and determination of dependency status in people performing activities of daily living. This interdisciplinary effort, bridging the gap between engineering and health sciences, aims to overcome the limitations of current evaluation tools, which often lack objectivity and fail to capture the full range of functional capacity. Until now, it has been derived from subjective reports and observational methods. By integrating wearable sensors and environmental technologies, EYEFUL offers an innovative approach to quantitatively assess an individual’s ability to perform activities of daily living, providing a more accurate and unbiased evaluation of functionality and personal independence. This paper describes the protocol planned for the development of the EYEFUL system, from the initial design of the methodology to the deployment of multisensory systems and the subsequent clinical validation process. The implications of this research are far-reaching, offering the potential to improve clinical evaluations of functional ability and ultimately improve the quality of life of people with varying levels of dependency. With its emphasis on technological innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration, the EYEFUL system sets a new standard for objective evaluation, highlighting the critical role of advanced screening technologies in addressing the challenges of modern healthcare. We expect that the publication of the protocol will help similar initiatives by providing a structured approach and rigorous validation process.
Sensory processing and adaptive behavior in Phelan-McDermid syndrome: a cross-sectional study
(Springer, 2022) Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Cuadrado, María-Luz; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa Mª; Máximo-Bocanegra, Nuria; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Camacho-Montaño, Lucía Rocío; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation or deletion of the SHANK3 gene (chromosome 22q13.3), characterized by diferent sensory processing anomalies. The objective of this study is to expand and provide a detailed defnition of the sensory profle of patients with PMS. The secondary objective was to examine the relationship between sensory patterns and adaptive behavior. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 51 Spanish patients with a confrmed genetic diagnosis of PMS. All the participants’ parents completed the Short Sensory Profle-Spanish (SSP-S) and the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II (ABAS-II). Correlational, multiple regression and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed. An atypical sensory profle was identifed in almost 75% of PMS patients. Defnite diferences were found among scores; nonetheless, sub-threshold values were observed in tactile sensitivity, underresponsive/seeks sensation, auditory fltering, and low energy/weak sensory categories. Conceptual, social, and practical domains, as well as the General Adaptive Composite (GAC) of the ABAS-II showed extremely low scores (i.e., <70). Signifcant correlations were found (p<0.005) between SSP-S scores and the conceptual, social, practical, and GAC index of the ABAS-II, whereby higher SSP-S scores were associated with better skills and higher adaptive performance. The cluster analysis indicated that the group with the largest mutation size (7.23 Mb) showed the greatest sensory processing difculties and very low adaptive skills. Conclusions: Patients with PMS show an atypical sensory profle, which correlates with limitations in general adaptive behaviors.
Spanish Cultural Adaptation and Inter-Rater Reliability of the Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale
(MDPI, 2023-05-29) Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta; Knox, Susan H.; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa M; Obeso-Benítez, Paula; Santos-del-Riego, Sergio E.
Background: The Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale (RKPPS) is a comprehensive assessment test that observes the level of play development; however, there is no culturally adapted version available with stable psychometric values that would allow its widespread use and provide objective information during clinical evaluations. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation included direct and retrospective translations, along with cognitive interviews with pediatric occupational therapists to analyze the comprehensibility of the translation. In addition, a final phase of linguistic revision was carried out to determine the grammatical and semantic fit of the adapted version. Finally, inter-rater reliability was analyzed in a sample of typically developing children aged four to six years old. Results: The processes of translation and back-translation, cognitive interview, and linguistic review determined an adequate grammatical and semantic equivalence to the Spanish cultural context. Almost perfect agreement, with values between 0.82 and 0.94, was obtained for items and play dimensions, indicating that the precision of the measurements between both evaluators was excellent. Conclusions: The cross-culturally adapted version of the RKPPS meets the necessary adjustments for the sociocultural context and can be used in the clinical practice of occupational therapy.
The Impact of Anxiety and Upper Limb Disability on Participation Levels in People with Dystonia an Observational Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021-01-01) Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa M; Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Máximo-Bocanegra, Nuria; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; García-Bravo, Cristina; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta; Martínez-Castrillo, Juan Carlos
Objective: This study sought to evaluate the level of anxiety in people with dystonia and to examine a possible relationship between the level of participation, anxiety, and functional limitations. Design: This is an observational, cross-sectional, case-control study with 12 cases of focal dystonia and 12 healthy controls aged between 18 and 75 yrs. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the QuickDASH scale, and the Measure of Participation and Activities were used. Differences in scores and effect size were analyzed through the Student t test and Cohen d test. A multiple regression model was performed to determine the relationship between variables. Results: People with dystonia obtained higher scores in the three subsections of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (total anxiety, psychiatric anxiety, and somatic anxiety; P < 0.05) and on the QuickDASH scale, together with lower scores in participation in activities of daily living of the Measure of Participation and Activities (P = 0.01). Greater upper limb disability was associated with a greater negative impact on participation in activities of daily living (P < 0.01); however, no significant relationship was found with anxiety (P > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that the ability of people with dystonia to participate in society is negatively affected by the level of disability of the upper limb, but even when anxiety-age-related differences were controlled for, no relationship was found between variables.
The impact of anxiety and upper limb disability on participation levels in people with dystonia: an observational cross-sectional case-control study
(Wolter Kluwer Health, 2021-01) Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa M; Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Máximo-Bocanegra, Nuria; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; García-Bravo, Cristina; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta; Martínez-Castrillo, Juan Carlos
Objective: This study sought to evaluate the level of anxiety in people with dystonia and to examine a possible relationship between the level of participation, anxiety, and functional limitations. Design: This is an observational, cross-sectional, case-control study with 12 cases of focal dystonia and 12 healthy controls aged between 18 and 75 yrs. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the QuickDASH scale, and the Measure of Participation and Activities were used. Dif- ferences in scores and effect size were analyzed through the Student t test and Cohen d test. A multiple regression model was performed to determine the relationship between variables. Results: People with dystonia obtained higher scores in the three sub- sections of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (total anxiety, psychiatric anxiety, and somatic anxiety; P < 0.05) and on the QuickDASH scale, together with lower scores in participation in activities of daily living of the Measure of Participation and Activities (P = 0.01). Greater upper limb disability was associated with a greater negative impact on participation in activities of daily living (P < 0.01); how- ever, no significant relationship was found with anxiety (P > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that the ability of people with dystonia to participate in society is negatively affected by the level of disability of the upper limb, but even when anxiety-age–related differences were controlled for, no relationship was found between variables.
The Impact of Social Distancing Due to COVID-19 on Activities of Daily Living in Parkinson's Disease.
(2023-06) Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Rodríguez-Pérez, M. Pilar; Fernandez-Gomez, Gemma; Bustamante-Palomo, Nerea; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Obeso-Benitez, Paula; Morales-Cabezas, Matilde; Martinez-Piédrola, Rosa M; Perez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
Introduction: To explore the impact of the lockdown and social distancing measures, applied for one year, due to the COVID-19 pandemic on Activities of Daily Living in patients with Parkinson’s disease, as well as to determine the association between daily performance and tasks requiring more manipulative dexterity. Methods: Data collection was carried out between 18 January and 22 March 2021 through telephone interviews. Patients were recruited from associations of patients with Parkinson’s disease in Spain. A questionnaire was designed including items from standardized tools of the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire to measure the level of independence and from the Dexterity Questionnaire for manipulative dexterity. Results: There were 126 participants aged 36–89 years, 58% of whom were male. The results of our study reveal a significant decline in almost all the ADLs assessed. There is a moderate correlation between the degree of dependence in ADLs and the difficulty in performing activities requiring manipulative dexterity. Conclusions: Social isolation related to the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences may have contributed to an increase in the deterioration of manipulative ability, leading to a loss of ability to perform ADLs. These results show specific needs to be considered in the rehabilitation treatment of these patients.
Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments
(MDPI, 2024-06-13) Obeso-Benítez, Paula; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa M.; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Hernández-Hernández, Lucia; García-González, Oscar; Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta
La prolongación de la esperanza de vida suele conllevar el deterioro de la salud, la reducción de la actividad física y dependencia, especialmente en ancianos institucionalizados. La fragilidad, la obesidad, la funcionalidad limitada y el deterioro cognitivo son frecuentes. Los programas de actividad física para este grupo demográfico pueden aumentar el gasto energético semanal y mejorar la fragilidad. Comprender las diferencias entre caminar en interiores y al aire libre es crucial para adaptar los programas. El objetivo de este estudio era comparar el tiempo, el gasto energético y el esfuerzo percibido en ancianos institucionalizados que caminaban en espacios cerrados y al aire libre. También se estudió cómo el índice de masa corporal y los niveles cognitivos afectaban a estos factores. Empleando un enfoque observacional descriptivo transversal, el estudio recopiló datos sobre altura, peso, acelerómetros, la escala de Borg modificada, la prueba Timed Up and Go y el miniexamen cognitivo Lobo de una muestra de 30 adultos mayores institucionalizados. Caminar al aire libre conlleva tiempos de marcha más cortos, un mayor gasto energético y un mayor esfuerzo percibido. Las personas con sobrepeso gastan más energía ambos contextos, mientras que el deterioro cognitivo no influye significativamente en las preferencias a la hora de caminar. El estudio concluye que caminar en interiores es preferible para los ancianos frágiles debido al menor esfuerzo percibido, pero se recomienda caminar al aire libre para los individuos con sobrepeso. El estado cognitivo no influye en la elección del entorno para caminar.
"Your Life Turns Upside Down": A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Parents with Children Diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome
(MDPI Children, 2022-12-30) García-Bravo, Cristina; Palacios-Ceña, Domingo; Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Pérez-Corrales, Jorge; Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta; Gueita-Rodríguez, Javier; Martínez-Piédrola, Rosa Mª
(1) Background: Parents of children with rare diseases experience great uncertainty and employ different strategies to care for their children and cope with the disease. The purpose of the present study was to describe the perspective of parents with children with Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMS). (2) Methods: A non-probabilistic purposeful sampling was used to perform this qualitative descriptive study. Thirty-two parents with children with PMS were interviewed. In-depth interviews and research field notes were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. (3) Results: Four themes emerged from the data. "Understanding and accepting the disease" described how parents experienced their child's diagnosis and the lack of information. The second theme, called "Living day by day", highlighted the daily difficulties faced when caring for a child with PMS. The third theme, "Expectations versus reality", was based on the parents' expectations of parenthood and the reality they face. Expectations for the future are also included. Finally, "Pain and happiness" describes how parents alternate feelings of distress and suffering but also joy with what they learn from these experiences. (4) Conclusions: Health professionals can use these results to support parents.