Examinando por Autor "Uranga Ocio, José Antonio"

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¿Cómo fomentar los trabajos académicos multidisciplinares? Una propuesta en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
(Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 2021) Mora Valentín, Eva María; Uranga Ocio, José Antonio; Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, Marta
El Real Decreto 1393/2007, de 29 de octubre, por el que se establece la ordenación de las enseñanzas universitarias oficiales indica que todas las enseñanzas universitarias oficiales de grado y máster concluirán con la elaboración y defensa de un Trabajo Fin de Grado o de Máster (en adelante, TFG y TFM), que deben estar orientados a la evaluación de competencias asociadas al título. En este contexto, si bien algunas universidades están poniendo en marcha algunas iniciativas para hacer trabajos académicos multidisciplinares, se trata de una opción todavía poco conocida, tanto por profesores como por estudiantes. La Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (en adelante, URJC) cuenta con una normativa que regula la defensa de los trabajos académicos y considera la posibilidad excepcional de hacer TFGs o TFMs conjuntos, es decir, que un mismo tema lo desarrollan varios alumnos con un mismo tutor. Sin embargo, lo que observamos es que no es una práctica habitual ni hay normativa en la URJC desarrollada para que los estudiantes realicen sus trabajos bajo la supervisión de más de un tutor de diferentes áreas de conocimiento o/y disciplinas siguiendo un enfoque multidisciplinar, es decir, para hacer un TFG o TFM multidisciplinar. En este escenario, el objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una propuesta académica que permita reflexionar sobre la inclusión en la normativa de trabajos académicos de la URJC, la posibilidad para realizar trabajos académicos multidisciplinares dirigidos por dos o más tutores especialistas en diferentes disciplinas y que den respuesta a problemas reales. Para ello, se hace una propuesta sobre cómo se puede modificar la normativa de TFGs y TFMs de la URJC para incluir la posibilidad de hacer trabajos académicos multidisciplinares.
Effect of the Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,212-2 on Neuropathic and Visceral Pain Induced by a Non-Diarrheagenic Dose of the Antitumoral Drug 5-Fluorouracil in the Rat
(2023) Vera, Gema; López-Gómez, Laura; Girón, Rocio; Martín-Fontelles, María Isabel; Nurgali, Kulmira; Abalo Delgado, Raquel; Uranga Ocio, José Antonio
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat colorectal cancer, but it causes, among other adverse effects, diarrhea and mucositis, as well as enteric neuropathy, as shown in experimental animals. It might also cause neuropathic pain and alterations in visceral sensitivity, but this has not been studied in either patients or experimental animals. Cannabinoids have antimotility and analgesic effects and may alleviate 5-FU-induced adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on neuropathic and visceral pain induced by a non-diarrheagenic dose of 5-FU. Male Wistar rats received a dose of 5-FU (150 mg/kg, ip) and gastrointestinal motility, colonic sensitivity, gut wall structure and tactile sensitivity were evaluated. WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) was administered to evaluate its effect on somatic (50–100 _g ipl; 1 mg/kg, ip) and visceral (1 mg/kg, ip) sensitivity. The cannabinoid tetrad was used to assess the central effects of WIN (1 mg/kg, ip). 5-FU decreased food intake and body weight gain, produced mucositis and thermal hyperalgesia, but these effects were reduced afterwards, and were not accompanied by diarrhea. Tactile mechanical allodynia was also evident and persisted for 15 days. Interestingly, it was alleviated by WIN. 5-FU tended to increase colonic sensitivity whereas WIN reduced the abdominal contractions induced by increasing intracolonic pressure in both control and 5-FU-treated animals. Importantly, the alleviating effects of WIN against those induced by 5-FU were not accompanied by any effect in the cannabinoid tetrad. The activation of the peripheral cannabinoid system may be useful to alleviate neuropathic and visceral pain associated with antitumoral treatment.
Preclinical models of irritable bowel syndrome.
(Academic Press, 2020) López-Gómez, Laura; Bagüés, Ana; Uranga Ocio, José Antonio; Abalo Delgado, Raquel
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of the gut-brain interaction, highly prevalent and impactful. Visceral hypersensitivity and alterations of colonic motility and defecation are definitory, but other features (increased intestinal permeability, anxiety, depression) also occur throughout the life of IBS patients. In this chapter, we will first review the different animal models that have been developed in an attempt to mimic IBS and its symptoms, which may vary according to the different underlying etiology. Thereafter, we will review the techniques and models that are used in vitro. Whereas in vivo models constitute the final preclinical step in the search of new effective and safe treatments, in vitro studies offer essential information on molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, which may open the gate to finding new treatment targets. Both approaches are therefore complementary and need to be considered for successful preclinical research on IBS.