TOURISM IN IRAQ. CURRENT SITUATION AND ANTIQUITIES FROM THE PAST

Abstract

Iraq is a country with incredible potential for tourism, thanks to its rich history and ancient civilizations. Yet, the sector is still in its early stages of development. In 2019, tourism made up 10.4% of Iraq's GDP and created over 100,000 jobs. Despite this, the number of international tourists has been low, with fewer than a million visitors that year and spending reaching $3.59 billion USD.

Religious tourism is the most significant part of the industry, especially during events like the Arba'in pilgrimage in Karbala, which draws millions of visitors. Many tourists also come to visit family, while cultural and heritage tourism, as well as leisure and nature tourism, have notable but smaller followings, given Iraq's numerous ancient sites and natural landscapes. Most tourists are men, primarily from Iran, with Iraqi nationals and Turkish visitors also making up a large portion. Tourism in Iraq faces several challenges, including political instability, economic problems, insufficient promotion and infrastructure, cultural restrictions, and strict visa requirements. To tackle these issues, initiatives such as Arab ministerial cooperation, the Iraq Heritage Stabilization Program, projects by the ALIPH Foundation, and Project Sumereen are in place to preserve Iraq's heritage and promote tourism.

Iraq's deep historical roots, from the early settlements in Hassuna to the great civilizations of Mesopotamia, have created a rich cultural legacy. Key historical sites include the National Museum of Iraq in Baghdad, the ruins and Ziggurat of Ur, the city of Babylon with the Ishtar Gate and Hanging Gardens, the Assyrian capital Nimrud with its Northwest Palace and Lamassu statues, the ancient city of Ashur, the Erbil Citadel, and Hatra.

Efforts to recover and protect Iraq's cultural heritage, despite damages from conflicts and looting, underscore the importance of these treasures. Conducting surveys to understand potential tourists' perceptions and attitudes can aid in developing strategies to enhance Iraq's tourism infrastructure and image, ultimately fostering economic and cultural growth.