Cautivos españoles evadidos de Constantinopla en el siglo XVI
Fecha
2011
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Universidad Complutense: Servicio de Publicaciones
Resumen
En la decimosexta centuria, se produjo un importante número de apresamientos de españoles por parte
de corsarios turco-berberiscos que fueron consecuencia de incursiones en las costas del litoral
mediterráneo o de acciones bélicas, cuya cantidad resulta imposible de cuantificar pero debió ser
elevada. El destino de estos prisioneros fue tanto la propia ciudad de Constantinopla como diversas
localidades del Norte de África, especialmente Argel, Túnez y Trípoli. En la primera gozaron de un
mejor trato y más opciones de huida como ventajas si bien sus posibilidades de ser rescatados eran
escasas. Muchos recurrieron entonces a abjurar de la fe cristiana y abrazar el Islam como medio de
aliviar sus penalidades. Por este motivo, los renegados que vivían en la órbita del poder otomano se
contaron por miles.
Se aborda en este trabajo diferentes relatos de cautivos y las evasiones que protagonizaron de
Constantinopla, a través de las fuentes documentales que se conservan en el Archivo General de
Simancas, en la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, y en las del Monasterio de El Escorial y en la Real
Academia de la Historia. En todos los casos analizados, las fugas son colectivas, con mayor o menor
número de huidos, que, aprovechando las circunstancias que se les ofrecían, consiguieron zafarse de la
esclavitud a que estaban sometidos. Cabe destacar el hecho de que algunos de ellos, tras recuperar su
libertad, pusieron en orden las vivencias de su cautiverio en obras que tienen un marcado carácter
autobiográfico, si bien no todos quisieron recordar este hecho trágico en sus vidas.
In the XVIth century, it took place an important number of captures of spanish people by turkish corsairs due to strikes along the Mediterranean coast or for military actions. Unfortunately, we can't know how much people have been prisoners but this amount had to be high. The destination of these captives was, on the one hand, the city of Constantinople itself and, on the other, several countries of North Africa, such as Argel, Tunis and Tripoli. In Constantinople, they had a better treatment and much more possibilities to run away but it was true that their options to be rescued were limited. Most of them selected to refuse the christian faith and, for this reason, they converted into muslims and the number of renegades who lived in the ottoman empire was numerous. This article deals with different stories of captives in the city of Constantinople and their flights from this, through the study of an important number of manuscripts that they belongs to collections of the General Archive of Simancas and Libraries, such as National Library of Spain, El Escorial Monastery and Royal Academy of History (Madrid). In the whole cases, the flights are in group, with more o less number of escapees, that reached their freedom. A few of them wrote and autobiographical book in which they related the experiences of their captivity although this fact wasn't very common. Key words: Early Modern Age, XVIth century, captives, Constantinople, North Africa, renegades.
In the XVIth century, it took place an important number of captures of spanish people by turkish corsairs due to strikes along the Mediterranean coast or for military actions. Unfortunately, we can't know how much people have been prisoners but this amount had to be high. The destination of these captives was, on the one hand, the city of Constantinople itself and, on the other, several countries of North Africa, such as Argel, Tunis and Tripoli. In Constantinople, they had a better treatment and much more possibilities to run away but it was true that their options to be rescued were limited. Most of them selected to refuse the christian faith and, for this reason, they converted into muslims and the number of renegades who lived in the ottoman empire was numerous. This article deals with different stories of captives in the city of Constantinople and their flights from this, through the study of an important number of manuscripts that they belongs to collections of the General Archive of Simancas and Libraries, such as National Library of Spain, El Escorial Monastery and Royal Academy of History (Madrid). In the whole cases, the flights are in group, with more o less number of escapees, that reached their freedom. A few of them wrote and autobiographical book in which they related the experiences of their captivity although this fact wasn't very common. Key words: Early Modern Age, XVIth century, captives, Constantinople, North Africa, renegades.
Descripción
http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_ANQE.2011.v22.16
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Citación
En Anaquel de Estudios Árabes, vol. 22 (2011), pp. 271-284.
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