Examinando por Autor "Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel"

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De la raison des Lumières à la raison illusionniste : considérations anthropologiques sur la « schismocratie bolsonariste »
(École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 2023-06-15) Reis Mota, Fabio; Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel
Cet article montre le caractère fondamental du cadre théorique du « régime des schismes » dans l’étude du phénomène de la soi-disant « extrême-droite ». Il repose sur une enquête ethnographique effectuée à l’occasion de la victoire électorale de Jair Bolsonaro, notamment menée devant sa maison, à Rio de Janeiro, au soir du second tour. Ce que nous avons appelé le « régime de schisme », et que nous considérons comme fondateur du « bolsonarisme », y apparaît marqué par l’auto-absorption dans des mondes particuliers, formant une raison illusionniste qui contraste avec la raison des Lumières.
Estrategias discursivas en los lives de Bolsonaro: entre la desintermediación, el populismo digital y la desinformación
(2023-12-01) Colussi, Juliana; Gomes-Franco e Silva, Flávia; Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel
Esta investigación, que se enmarca en el campo de la comunicación política digital, tiene como objetivo principal identificar las estrategias discursivas del entonces presidente brasileño Jair Bolsonaro en un periodo previo a las elecciones presidenciales. Para ello, se llevó a cabo el análisis de diez Lives emitidos a través de su cuenta oficial en Instagram entre febrero y mayo de 2022. La metodología empleada es cualitativa y de carácter exploratorio, de manera que se aplica el análisis crítico del discurso para analizar los elementos que componen su discurso. Para realizar el análisis, se establecieron las siguientes categorías mediante el método inductivo: 1) Informativo; 2) Ideológico; 3) Paternalista; 4) Negacionista; 5) Autoritario; 6) Agresivo, y 7) Descrédito de los medios. Los resultados del estudio apuntan a que el discurso desintermediado del mandatario se caracteriza por centrarse en su figura como influencer político y en el uso de un lenguaje polarizador, simplista y soez para hacer alabanzas a las acciones de su gobierno y criticar a la oposición política y a los medios de comunicación. Se trata de una estrategia discursiva que entrelaza las nuevas formas de populismo digital, la desintermediación y la desinformación, colocando en riesgo el proceso democrático.
Legitimation of hate and political violence through memetic images: the Bolsonaro campaign
(Universidad de Navarra, 2021-04-14) Fernández-Villanueva, Concepción; Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel
The federal elections were held in Brazil in 2018. The ballot resulted in a victory for the far-right candidate, Jair Messias Bolsonaro. The question that arose after the victory of the far-right was: How could this have happened? One of the instruments that undoubtedly contributed to this unexpected victory was a peculiar aspect of his political campaign: memetic communication. Through the use of memes in the social media (above all WhatsApp), Bolsonaro’s project transformed these violent discourses against political opponents, feminism, racialised persons and poverty into a series of discourses legitimised through humour and irony. It was a simplification through the memes affecting the static system of cognitive and metaphorical frameworks. During the pre-election period in 2018, we carried out digital ethnographic research in the WhatsApp groups of supporters of Bolsonaro’s project (“Bolsonarism”). In this period, we collected a sample of 132 memes belonging to WhatsApp groups composed of up to 256 members, who did not know each other and were geographically dispersed. The analysis we carried out demonstrates the trivialisation and legitimisation of violence against political opponents and other social groups. Much of this legitimisation was camouflaged under the mask of supposed humour and irony, which in reality was insulting, prejudicial and dehumanising.
Más banderas que palabras: la comunicación no verbal de Bolsonaro en su discurso polarizador
(Universidad del Rosario de Colombia, Universidad de los Andes de Venezuela y Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2024-01-26) Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel; Colussi, Juliana; Gomes-Franco e Silva, Flávia; Arrufat- Martín, Sandro
En el presente artículo analizamos uno de los principales escenarios que Bolsonaro utilizó para comunicarse con sus bases durante toda su legislatura: los lives semanales en su cuenta oficial de Instagram. Así, estudiamos una muestra de diez lives, describiendo cómo su comunicación no verbal podía activar un proceso de humanización y aproximación del líder, normalizando formas de violencia y fortaleciendo la polarización política. La metodología empleada en el análisis se sustenta en la grounded theory, que sistematiza la investigación cualitativa a través de la construcción de hipótesis y teorías mediante la recolección y el análisis de datos. Este procedimiento de análisis propone una metodología inductiva que extrae las categorías de la comunicación no verbal a través de la descripción y clasificación del material y de las fuentes de datos por analizar. La contextualización e interpretación de los resultados se apoya en un trabajo etnográfico de campo durante la campaña electoral. Los resultados apuntan al uso de elementos amateurs en los videos que generan una aproximación de Bolsonaro con los ciudadanos, así como la inclusión de movimientos corporales que muestran su carisma como un líder imperfecto y del paralenguaje basado en el humor para la construcción de un personaje violento.
Not Your Grandma’s Fascism: Fame, Femininity, and Race in Far-Right Postcolonial India and Brazil
(Oxford University Press, 2022-06-03) Leidig, Eviane; Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel
Much scholarship on the far right focuses on Europe and North America, whereas case studies outside of these regions are often neglected or not recognized as constituting the same phenomenon. In this article, we compare two democracies in the Global South—India and Brazil—to showcase far-right movements within these countries. We situate the “postcolonial neoliberal nationalism” that has shaped the basis of far-right claims in India and Brazil. To illuminate this, we explore female social media influencers within these far-right milieus, and their role in the reproduction of gender, class, and racial hierarchies. Combined with this are insights from media studies on influencer culture as a means of analyzing the performativity of far-right women to advance exclusionary agendas. Overall, we highlight the inherent contradictions and complexity of how far-right female influencers in the Global South are promoting local expressions of gendered indigeneity while also contributing to global far-right narratives.
Right-wing movements in the crisis of capitalism: a conceptualisation of fascism within Marxist theory
(Taylor & Francis, 2023-11-24) Pourhamzavi, Karim; Bassil, Noah; Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel
Following the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, the resurgence of the far right, evident from the late 1990s across Europe, the United States and Australia, appeared to escalate. At this time, it became popular to associate the ‘rise’ of the Right with some form of ‘alienation’ of the white working class. The grievances and anger of this group, it has been said, results from the dislocation of the white working class caused by deindustrialisation and other dynamics of globalisation which have destabilised established social relations and further eroded the position of the white working class.
The rhetoric of the Brazilian far-right, built in the streets: The case of Rio de Janeiro
(Wiley, 2022-03-22) Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel
This article is an ethnographic exploration of the construction of far-right rhetoric in Brazil. It begins with a description of events on the final day of the 2018 election, when Jair Messias Bolsonaro won the presidency. To contextualise this scene, I analyse how far-right rhetoric was articulated in the Brazilian public sphere from June 2013 until 2018, specifically in the state of Rio de Janeiro, through a series of key events that were fundamental in constructing far-right identity claims and collective mobilisation into an anti-corruption and militarised rhetoric in the electoral campaign. The article shows the importance of these specific events in developing what became the ‘Bolsonarist rhetoric’—or Bolsonarismo—as part of a broader international politics of disaffection.
“We swear to lay down our lives for the fatherland!”: Bolsonaro as influencer and agent of political polarization
(2023-09-11) Colussi, Juliana; Bayarri Toscano, Gabriel; Gomes-Franco e Silva, Flávia
This study aimed to analyze how the former president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, has become an agent of political polarization through his role as a political influencer. Thus, it carried out a qualitative analysis of ten Lives posted on his official Instagram account (@jairmessiasbolsonaro) in the months leading up to the general elections, specifically between February and May 2022. The research results reveal that the former president used elements of digital populism and took advantage of disintermediated discourse. On the one hand, the influencer defended the concepts of fatherland, family, and God; on the other, he attacked the opposition and the press while generating disinformation and political polarization.