Examinando por Autor "Everaert, Jonas"

Mostrando 1 - 2 de 2

Do cognitive biases prospectively predict anxiety and depression? A multi-level meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
(Elsevier, 2025-01-31) Vos, Lisa; Nieto, Inés; Amanvermez, Yağmur; Smeets , Tom; Everaert, Jonas
Cognitive biases have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of depression and anxiety, but their utility in predicting future symptoms remains debated. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall effect size of their predictive effects and to identify moderators relevant to theory and methodology. The study protocol was pre-registered on PROSPERO (record number: CRD42021232236). Searches of PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, PsyArXiv Preprints, and ProQuest Dissertations yielded 81 studies with 621 contrasts and 17,709 participants through December 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Results from a three-level meta-analysis revealed a small overall effect size (β = 0.04, 95 %-CI [0.02, 0.06], p < .001) and significant between- and within-study variance after removal of outliers. Equivalent effect sizes were found for the predictive utility of cognitive biases in children/adolescents and adults, for increased negative bias and decreased positive bias, and for anxiety and depression outcomes. The magnitude of the overall effect was moderated by the cognitive process, with significant effect sizes for interpretation bias and memory bias but not for attention bias. These findings support the predictive role of cognitive biases in anxiety and depression, with interpretation and memory biases emerging as key markers. These findings have implications for cognitive theories of depression and anxiety and for clinical interventions.
The role of emotional memory in reappraising negative self-referent cognitions.
(Springer Nature, 2021-03-09) Nieto, Inés; Everaert, Jonas; Koster, Ernst
Background Reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy that has been linked to positive emotional and health outcomes. However, the basic cognitive mechanisms underlying the efectiveness of reappraisal remain understudied and not well understood. To address this limitation, the present study examined whether long-term memory processes, including emotional memory accessibility, memory bias, and overgeneral memory, are related to individual diferences in reappraisal efectiveness. Methods All participants (N=101) completed a memory accessibility and sentence completion memory task to measure bias, specifcity, and accessibility of emotional memories. Next, participants completed an emotion regulation task requesting them to either attend to or reappraise negative self-referent thoughts. Results The results of the linear regression models showed that memory bias, but not memory specifcity or accessibility, accounted for a signifcant proportion of the variance in the efectiveness of reappraisal. Retrieval of more negative memories was related to lower reductions in negative mood. Conclusions These fndings suggest that emotional long-term memory processes, and particularly memory bias, may modulate downregulation of negative emotions when implementing reappraisal. These insights could be leveraged to guide psychological treatments using cognitive techniques that rely on successful reappraisal use.