The role of emotional memory in reappraising negative self-referent cognitions.

Abstract

Background Reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy that has been linked to positive emotional and health outcomes. However, the basic cognitive mechanisms underlying the efectiveness of reappraisal remain understudied and not well understood. To address this limitation, the present study examined whether long-term memory processes, including emotional memory accessibility, memory bias, and overgeneral memory, are related to individual diferences in reappraisal efectiveness. Methods All participants (N=101) completed a memory accessibility and sentence completion memory task to measure bias, specifcity, and accessibility of emotional memories. Next, participants completed an emotion regulation task requesting them to either attend to or reappraise negative self-referent thoughts. Results The results of the linear regression models showed that memory bias, but not memory specifcity or accessibility, accounted for a signifcant proportion of the variance in the efectiveness of reappraisal. Retrieval of more negative memories was related to lower reductions in negative mood. Conclusions These fndings suggest that emotional long-term memory processes, and particularly memory bias, may modulate downregulation of negative emotions when implementing reappraisal. These insights could be leveraged to guide psychological treatments using cognitive techniques that rely on successful reappraisal use.