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Ítem Intelligence Education and the European Union’s External Action(Routledge, 2025-03-04) Arcos, Rubén; Palacios, José-MiguelThe European Union (EU), as an international actor, has developed an anticipatory system encompassing different structures and intelligence capabilities that inform its decisionmaking process on foreign and security policy and external action through transnational European intelligence. This European intelligence system constitutes an important part of European integration, specialized and complex enough for requiring the provision of knowledge and competencies for prospective European leaders and officers through higher education courses. This article discusses the course introduction, syllabus design, teaching approach, and implementation of a first course on European intelligence analysis at the College of Europe in 2014, an institution founded in 1949 and “the world’s first institute of postgraduate studies and training in European affairs.” It capitalizes on the experience of the authors/instructors of the course framed within the Master of Arts in EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies at the Bruges campus of the College of Europe.Ítem Intellectual structure of social accounting research: a co-citation analysis in business economics(Taylor & Francis, 2025-03-07) Escamilla-Solano, Sandra; Flores-Ureba, Sandra; Sánchez-De Lara, Miguel Ángel; Gómez-Ortega, AlbaIn this article, an analysis of the intellectual structure of the research field of social accounting in business economics is carried out through a bibliometric analysis of co-citation. The CiteSpace software has been applied to perform the analysis. Social accounting is an extension of traditional accounting, where a further step is taken by calculating the commitment of companies to society, identifying and recording their socially responsible activities. The review of the state of the art of social accounting research allows us to detail the evolution of scientific production and to identify new areas to explore. This study thus contributes to this field by providing a bibliometric review of the main research areas, sources of knowledge and trends. Specifically, our findings reveal 4 main areas of research on social accounting: social accounting foundations, engagement, accountability and measurement of social value. Finally, we identify the emerging research topics in the field, such as the search for social value metrics and the measurement of the impact of the disclosure of nonfinancial information on profitability. Additionality we outline future lines of research in the field of social accounting, setting a future research agenda.Ítem Potenciales de la vegetación espontánea en zonas verdes urbanas(Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 2024-10-30) Jeschke, Anna LauraLa vegetación espontanea representa un componente esencial de la naturaleza y el verde urbano y puede contribuir de forma significativa a los servicios ecosistémicos de la ciudad. En este estudio se analizan en la primera parte el papel de la vegetación espontanea en el verde urbano desde en la evolución histórica hasta la actualidad y en contexto con las tendencias ecológicas, la estética y la percepción de la vegetación espontánea en el contexto urbano y postindustrial. En la segunda parte se presentan varias estrategias y gobernanzas y experiencias obtenidas en proyectos piloto al largo de los últimos 30 años en Alemania con la integración y gestión de la vegetación espontánea en zonas verdes urbanas. El estudio ha permitido crear un mapa de conocimiento de esta temática emergente para la creación y gestión de zonas verdes urbanas e identificar futuras líneas de investigación para la aplicación de estas prácticas al ámbito mediterráneo.Ítem Claves de las migraciones afroeuropeas. Extracto del mayor desastre humanitario(Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali, 2022-03-16) Gomariz Acuña, Tomás P.; Barbeito, Roberto L.La crisis humanitaria en la frontera afroeuropea urge a revisar las políticas europeas de migración y refugio, caracterizadas, en Europa, por concepciones ultraproteccionistas. En realidad, las migraciones mediterráneas y africanas no justifican todas estas reservas. Las políticas europeas están creando daños personales irreparables y perjuicios a los fundamentos de nuestro ordenamiento, además de ayudar al crimen organizado. En este artículo se procede a una revisión documental tratando de contrastar las principales medidas practicadas con los resultados obtenidos, que se advierten profundamente negativos y atribuibles a esas políticas, en conjunción con la responsabilidad derivada de unos procesos de descolonización fuertemente tutorizados por las antiguas potencias coloniales. En sintonía con estas conclusiones, se postula un posicionamiento contrario al de las posturas restrictivas en política migratoria europea.Ítem The Multidisciplinary Nature of the Capability Approach: Emerging Trends and Future Research Directions Through a Bibliometric Analysis(Sage, 2024-09-30) Barreno-Alcalde, Santiago; Díez Martín, Francisco; Escamilla Solano, Sandra‘‘The Capability Approach’’ (CA) is a normative and critical framework for assessing the well-being of people and societies. It is a pluralistic methodology open to deliberation, with applications in various branches of the Social Sciences. The suitability of CA for social, economic, and political improvements in a wide variety of contexts is highlighted, assuming ethical principles of defence of freedom and justice. The growing interest in relation to CA is reflected in a large increase in scientific production, which makes it difficult to outline its main lines of research precisely. Our study has two goals: on the one hand, it will become a fruitful instrument to learn about the main areas of research that already exist on CA; on the other hand, it will serve to enrich them and incorporate new lines of research into the field. Having a panoramic view of the trends in CA will facilitate their work for future researchers. To this end, taking the Web of Science database from 1994 to 2022 as a reference, a bibliometric analysis based on citations is conducted using the CiteSpace program. Our findings show that 11 clearly differentiated clusters have been detected, which correspond to the essential lines of research on CA. Our bibliometric analysis contributes to revealing the evolution of the academic field of CA, with special emphasis on emerging areas.Ítem Factores determinantes del emprendimiento: Una mirada retrospectiva desde la producción científica(Universidad de Zulia, 2024-06-21) García-Carranza, Yolanda Mariana; Benito-Osorio, Diana; Escamilla-Solano, Sandra; Cobo Martín, Manuel JesúsDesde la diversidad de aspectos que inciden en lo empresarial para hacerlo más competitivo y difundir la información que se produce bajo características específicas, el emprendimiento ha despertado el interés de la comunidad académica. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar los factores determinantes del espíritu empresarial, bajo un enfoque multidisciplinar (psicológico, organizacional, sectorial e institucional), a la vez que se detalla la evolución de la estructura conceptual. Se ha realizado una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura que abarca más de 60 años (1957-2020) en 4 etapas, utilizando un enfoque bibliométrico sobre 5.537 documentos WOS. Los resultados dan cuenta de que el emprendimiento ha sido abordado desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria que fortalece o inhiben a lo empresarial debido a una variedad de factores internos y externos, por tal razón existe una producción científica que interpreta la realidad y destaca la necesidad. Se concluye que existe un interés integral en los estudios sobre el emprendimiento que destaquen metodologías para el abordaje del crecimiento empresarial.Ítem Proactividad medioambiental. El caso de las cadenas hoteleras españolas cotizadas(Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2013-11-28) Escamilla Solano, Sandra; Plaza Casado, Paola; Prado Román, CamiloLa importancia que está adquiriendo en la última década la concepción de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y el cuidado por el medio ambiente es muy relevante. La empresa es un ente social que se interrelaciona con diversos agentes primarios y secundarios y donde sus objetivos ya no son sólo económicos sino también sociales y medioambientales. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar el nivel de proactividad medioambiental de las empresas de la muestra, en este caso las dos cadenas hoteleras que cotizan en bolsa. La metodología utilizada es el estudio de casos (Yin, 1989). El estudio de los planes estratégicos, memorias de Responsabilidad Corporativa así como la utilización de entrevistas y encuestas ha permitido mostrar cuales deben ser los objetivos medioambientales que se debe plantear cualquier cadena hotelera que está preocupada por el impacto que su actividad genera en el entorno, y por ende, en la sociedad.Ítem The efficiency of urban public transport and its impact on environmental sustainability(Elsevier, 2025-01-18) Sánchez Toledano, Joaquín; Duarte Monedero, Beatriz; Flores Ureba, Sandra; Simón de Blas, ClaraPromoting and popularly developing urban transport improves environmental sustainability by reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. In the last decade, bus and metro modes, in addition to being the most in-demand, have been the most utilized to offer a practical and sustainable public transport system. In Spain, public transport services are bus, the mode of transport designed as a priority over metro. The significant investment in infrastructure required for its implementation and maintenance makes it necessary to assess these companies’ efficiency and impact on the sustainability of the surrounding environment. For this reason, this study aims to analyze if the bus mode is more efficient and sustainable than public transport by metro. The sample comprises companies providing bus and metro transport services in four of the biggest cities in Spain during the period 2017 - 2021. The methodology used will be (1) a description of the main variables of these companies and (2) a data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist index as statistical inference estimators to provide the productivity, efficiency change (EFCH) into Pure Technical Efficiency Change (PTECH), and Scale Efficiency Change of the analyzed companies. This analysis’s main result shows that bus and metro efficiency is similar for the analyzed cities. This study contributes to the academic literature because the comparative analysis by modes of transport has not been conducted and can be considered an influential variable when it comes to resource allocation, controlling the services provided, and improving the planning of these services by the competent authorities.Ítem Evolution of scientific production on urban passenger transport: A bibliometric analysis(Elsevier, 2024-01-12) Verano-Tacoronte, Domingo; Flores-Ureba, Sandra; Mesa-Mendoza, MargaritaUrban passenger transport is a key point in the progress of any city. It is a strategic area whose efficient and sustainable development requires the incorporation of multiple disciplines. It affects territorial, social, health, economic, and environmental policies, among others. In recent years, we have witnessed a series of changes, especially in the domains of technology and environmental issues. The interdisciplinary nature of transport together with these developments has produced fundamental and far-reaching changes in the scientific production related to this field of study which is difficult to cover in a traditional review of the literature. The aim of this work is thus to conduct a bibliometric analysis of urban passenger transport during the period 2001–2021, which illustrates the advances made during this period and stimulate new research in this field. SciMAT software was used for this purpose. The results show the conceptual evolution of urban passenger transport research, identifying seven main thematic areas: (1) health and physical activity, (2) travel, (3) transport policy, (4) air pollution, (5) congestion, (6) social exclusion, and (7) electric and autonomous vehicles.Ítem Analyzing the Influence of Belbin’s Roles on the Quality of Collaborative Learning for the Study of Business Fundamentals(MDPI, 2022-08-31) Flores Ureba, Sandra; Simón de Blas, Clara; Borrás-Gené, Oriol; Macías-Guillén, AlmudenaThis work uses Belbin’s balanced group theory to analyze whether the formation of teams improved the performance of 21 groups formed by the 149 students of an Introduction to Business class in a collaborative learning environment in Higher Education. The analysis is based on a comparison of two types of groups: balanced groups (according to Belbin’s role theory) and those that are not so balanced. The analysis techniques used to determine any significant differences in student grade scores were the student average comparison and the Chi homogeneity tests. The relevance of the different roles that students can acquire when forming work groups was derived from multiple regression in the exams and practices punctuations, and the relevance of each student role was determined by discriminant analysis. The results indicate that balanced groups facilitate greater homogeneity in group grades, improving the performance of the group overall.Ítem Límites de la inspección tributaria en el acceso a dispositivos electrónicos: el rol de la autorización judicial y la importancia de la cooperación internacional(Aranzadi, 2025-04-04) Sánchez Sánchez, Eva MaríaEn la actualidad, se está asistiendo, a un aumento exponencial de la actividad de inspección por parte de la Administración Estatal de la Agencia Tributaria. Este incremento del número de inspecciones deriva en un mayor nivel de litigiosidad tributaria, algo que juntamente con la complejidad normativa nacional e internacional al respecto y las continuas reformas y cambios de criterio de la Administración tributaria, han convertido la función fiscal en un área de riesgo y en un aspecto clave en las agendas de los órganos de administración de las empresas. Además, la inspección fiscal en la era digital requiere una comprensión profunda de las implicaciones tecnológicas y una adaptación ágil para mantener la equidad y la eficiencia en la recaudación de impuestos.Ítem El Lawfare como ideología judicial: la crisis del sistema político social(Universidad Técnica de Malabí, 2022-07-10) Olivan López, FernandoToday´s democracy is affected by a new coefficient of crisis: the irruption of the judicial process as an instrument of configuration of political activity. It is what, under Anglo-Saxon terminology, is called lawfare, meaning the instrumentalisation of the judicial process, whether civil, criminal or administrative, as a mechanism to interfere in the political life of modern societies. In this work we seek to understand both the reasons for its emergence and its analytical foundations. An analysis that we undertake from the Pure Theory of the State and that will take us to the origins of the construction of the Absolutist State. There we will see that both the theory of the "separation of powers" and the concept of "independence of justice" on which this judicial interventionism is based are not consubstantial to the idea of democracy, but gravitate on the ways of the Old Regime. Our conclusion is that this lawfare is based on the very foundations of the Modern State from its origins as an absolutist state, and constitutes the current expression of what we can call the Ideology of the judicial system. La democracia actual está recorrida por un nuevo coeficiente de crisis: la irrupción del proceso judicial como instrumento de configuración de la actividad política. Es lo que, bajo la terminología anglosajona, se denomina el Lawfare, es decir, la instrumentación del proceso, ya sea civil, penal o administrativo, como mecánica para interferir en la vida política de las sociedades modernas. En este trabajo buscamos comprender tanto las razones de su irrupción como sus fundamentos históricos. Un análisis que emprendemos desde la teoría pura del estado y que nos llevará a sus mismos orígenes en la construcción del Estado Absoluto. Ahí veremos que tanto la teoría de la “separación de poderes” como el concepto de “independencia de la justicia” sobre el que se sustenta este intervencionismo judicial no son consustanciales a la idea de democracia, sino que gravitan sobre los modos propios del Antiguo Régimen. Nuestra conclusión es que ese Lawfare se asienta en los mismos fundamentos del Estado Moderno desde sus orígenes como estado absoluto, y constituye la expresión actual de lo que podemos llamar la Ideología del sistema judicial.Ítem Review of 1st Liveable Futures Report(Transnational Press London, 2024-04-28) Fernández Mateo, JoaquínThis report, compiled by Jaime del Val, Reverso/Metabody Institute, in 2023, synthesises over 100 previous reports by United Nations, governmental commissions and high profile scientific commissions that state that animal based food is the major source of climate change, biodiversity loss, human health problems, human inequality and animal suffering. The report coins the acronym AEFI (Animal Exploitation Food Industries) for highlighting the central, present and historical role of this industry in the crisis, and pushes for a renewal of global legal frameworks that recognise the rights of all life forms as condition of possibility for a liveable future for humans themselves, while exposing the interconnection of the core role of shifting diets away from animal products with a voluntary reduction of overconsumption and overpopulation.Ítem Pre-service Teacher Perceptions in Integrating Maker-Centered Learning in their Mathematics and Education Initial Teacher Education Programme(Grup de Recerca ARGET, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, 2020-04-27) Connolly, Cornelia; O'Gorman, Sean; Hall, Tony; Hijón-Neira, RaquelThis paper describes an innovative programme ‘C24M2 : Creative Coding for Math’s Makers’, in an undergraduate concurrent teacher education degree programme. Using the Makerspace in a University setting, the programme fostered a culture of creativity and innovation through combining mathematics and the more widely recognized STEM subjects. In addressing the challenge of preparing teachers effectively to teach key STEM areas, such as computational thinking, in an engaging and effective way, this paper describes a maker-design and structure, integrating physics with computer coding, to address the challenge in preparing student teachers of mathematics. The paper aims to validate and explore the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of computer science and demonstrates the potential of maker-centered learning as a powerful context for promoting and enhancing STEM education, both amongst pupils and pre-service teachers. This paper examines if the design of the C24M2 fosters a positive attitude towards computing for this set of pre-service teachers. The research conducted addresses the salient issues in sustaining and integrating maker-centered learning more widely and systematically within education, particularly the need to support teacher professional development in maker-centered learning to mediate sustainable, high impact learning in schools and other educational settings.Ítem Gamification and Computer Science Students’ Activity(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2020-05-25) García-Iruela, Miguel; Fonseca, Manuel J.; Hijón-Neira, Raquel; Chambel, TeresaStudents’ participation and motivation are of great importance in their learning process. The decrease in attendance and difficulties in stimulating students’ activity makes it necessary to find new methodologies that can solve these problems. The use of game mechanics in non-ludic environments (Gamification) has begun to be of great interest in research, since it could increase the motivation and therefore the activity of the students. This study tries to verify if there is an existing relationship between gamification and a possible increase in student activity or between the cessation of gamification and student activity. In addition, it evaluates whether a greater student activity corresponds to a greater learning improvement. In the obtained results, no significant differences were found between the methodology or the activity with a learning improvement. According to the study, the simple use of gamified elements does not necessarily imply a solution to the problems posed. The students’ activity in a course of these characteristics does not imply a better learning improvement, the importance lies in the quality of the activity generated and not in the quantity.Ítem Comparación del léxico disponible español de futuros docentes que estudian en modalidad bilingüe y no bilingüe(Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, 2018) Herranz-Llácer, Cristina V.El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido analizar el léxico disponible de 591 alumnos de los grados de Educación matriculados en las modalidades bilingüe y español, para poder conocer el léxico disponible de cada grupo y a la vez comparar las posibles diferencias. Para ello, se elaboró una prueba dividida en dos partes: la primera recogía los datos sociodemográficos, mientras que la segunda se centraba en recoger el léxico disponible de cada alumno. Los resultados muestran la existencia de diferencias entre ambos grupos, alcanzando una mayor disponibilidad léxica los estudiantes que cursan sus estudios en inglés frente a los que lo hacen exclusivamente en castellano.Ítem The inspired wellness: unveiling the connection between mental health and wellness tourism(Taylor & Francis, 2025-01-30) Valente-Mosqueda, Fátima; Thakur, Prachi; Calero-Sanz, Jorge; Orea-Giner, AliciaWellness tourism, where individuals seek optimal physical and mental well-being through travel, has gained prominence due to changing health attitudes and the growing integration of wellness into lifestyle choices. This study delves into the nuanced relationship between individual wellness states and their specific travel decisions within this context. Employing quantitative methods and analysing the data through logistic regressions, the research focuses on how prospective travellers’ wellness factors influence their choices regarding wellness-oriented hotel experiences and the selection of wellness activities. It also examines the broader implications of these choices for wellness experience advancements in hotels. By linking wellness factors with travel preferences, the study aims to enrich the theoretical framework of wellness tourism beyond traditional motivations and provide practical insights for industry stakeholders to adapt their innovation strategies according to diverse traveller needs.Ítem A Hybrid Escape Room to Foster Motivation and Programming Education for Pre-Service Teachers(IGI Global, 2024-07) Borrás -Gené, Oriol; HIjón-Neira, Raquel; Paredes-Barragán, Pedro; Serrano-Luján, Lucíaducational escape rooms aims to motivate students, to strengthen knowledge and evaluate learning. Pre-service teachers enrolled in “Computer Science and Digital Competency” course shows lack of motivation and difficulties to realise its usefulness in everyday practice, becoming an ideal context to apply this strategy. 157 students belonging to a European university participated in the experience as case study. The educational escape room was conducted following a hybrid model, mixing a physical organization of props with a virtual organization of the narrative, tests and achievements. The experiment was designed to answer two hypotheses, first if applying escape room as an educational strategy fosters pre-primary and primary students' motivation, since this method address complex concepts in a practical way, and second, if the application of this strategy as teaching strategy makes students perceive the learning process as a game.Ítem Developing and Assessing Computational Thinking in Secondary Education using a TPACK Guided Scratch Visual Execution Environment(IJCSES, 2021-04) Hijón-Neira, Raquel; García-Iruela, Miguel; Connolly, CorneliaEffective and reliable assessment approaches to computational thinking in secondary education are in demand. This paper uses a guided technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework, incorporating a visual execution environment (VEE) and Scratch project for secondary school students as a method to teach and assess computational thinking. The objective is to investigate if computational thinking and programming concepts can be improved upon following this method, and if the K-12 children are able to improve their computational thinking skills. The research study was conducted over 2 years in a school setting using the guided VEE and project developed following the dimensions of Computational Thinking process. The project participants came from two cohorts, an after-school programming camp and an in-school environment. Data was collected over two academic years and a quasi-experimental procedure with pre- and post-test was followed. The results demonstrate knowledge gain on computational and programming concepts and encourages us to convey how students translate (as opposed to transfer) their computational thinking experiences into reality. The results indicate the students achieved significant improvement in their computational thinking development.Ítem Can Gamification Help in Increasing Motivation, Engagement, and Satisfaction? A gamified experience in teaching CS to students from other disciplines(Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2022-09-26) García-Iruela, Miguel; Hijón-Neira, Raquel; Connolly, CorneliaThe digital revolution is causing the new generations to demand new ways of learning. Motivating students is one crucial element of the learning-teaching process to achieve students’ learning, which is the main objective of education. Using typical gaming elements in non-game environ-ments, gamification transforms the learning process into a more motivating and enjoyable expe-rience. Therefore, gamification offers adequate solutions for the educational needs of the new generation of students. Although most studies have found benefits from gamification, the results have not been encouraging in some cases. Several review studies suggest that more empirical studies are needed to investigate the motivating effects of using gamification in different edu-cational settings and for specific student types. This study wants to answer whether using the proposed gamification design affects motivation, engagement, and satisfaction in teaching com-puter science to university students from other disciplinary areas such as journalism and audio-visual communication. The experiment consists of a gamified experience in a virtual classroom in Moodle for four weeks on general computer science content. A control group and a test group were used. The difference between the two was the use of gamified elements (points, badges, lev-els, task unlocking...). From the data obtained in this study, no significant differences were found in motivation and satisfaction between the different groups or the different methodologies. Our results demonstrate a specific positive correlation between engagement, motivation, and satisfac-tion. It is worth noting the positive values obtained in this type of course among all the students who were part of this experience and methodology.