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Ítem Insights into usability, academic outcomes, and emotional responses in an AR-Interactive learning environment(Taylor & Francis, 2024-12-17) Álvarez Marín, Alejandro; Paredes Velasco, Maximiliano; Velázquez Iturbide, J. Ángel; Palma Chilla, LuisThis study explores the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) in enhancing academic performance in electronics education, particularly in understanding electricity. The research involved 64 students in an electromagnetism laboratory, divided into an experimental group using an AR app and a control group engaging in traditional laboratory methods. The AR app, developed specifically for this study, was evaluated for usability using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and for emotional impact using the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ). Knowledge was measured through tests on theoretical topics and practical exercises before and after the laboratory sessions. Results indicate that AR significantly improves academic performance and emotional responses. A correlation was found between the usability of the AR app and students’ emotional experiences, suggesting that ease of use and intuitive design are crucial for eliciting positive emotional responses, which are instrumental in enhancing learning outcomes. The study underscores AR's efficacy in fostering a more engaging and effective learning environment in electronics education. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the role of AR in education, demonstrating its potential as a tool for improving academic performance and enriching the emotional and experiential aspects of learning.Ítem La espectacularización de los concursos en España (1956-2000) : evolución y procesos de producción(Associação Portuguesa de Ciências da Comunicação (SOPCOM), 2018) Moreno Díaz, Julio; Medina de la Viña, ElenaEl espectáculo y el entretenimiento en televisión han determinado la propia historia del medio en España. En sus inicios, tanto las televisiones públicas como privadas, idearon una programación basada en espacios lúdicos como parte del atractivo de su oferta donde el concurso se alza como su representante. Formatos cuya evolución responde a la consolidación mediática y tecnológica del medio, la aparición de nuevas fórmulas de producción y la transformación del mercado audiovisual en España con la aparición de nuevos operadores y productoras independientes. El desarrollo del concurso como formato autónomo y su constante versatilidad que le sirvió para abanderar el espectáculo televisivo es el punto de partida de este artículo. Concursos como Un, Dos, Tres… responda otra vez, El precio justo, El gran juego de la Oca o ¿Quién quiere ser millonario? amenizaron durante décadas a diferentes generaciones constituyéndose como paradigmas del entretenimiento audiovisual. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar su protagonismo en la televisión nacional generalista española entre los años 1956 y 2000, desde el nacimiento de Televisión Española hasta el fortalecimiento de las televisiones privadas.Ítem La producción de concursos en las cadenas de TV españolas: la espectacularización del formato (1990-2000)(Facultad de Comunicación e Imagen, Universidad de Chile, 2017) Moreno-Díaz, Julio; Medina de la Viña, ElenaLa llegada de los canales autonómicos y, posteriormente, de las cadenas privadas rompió el monopolio de la televisión pública en España. Los operadores apostaron a partir de entonces por los grandes concursos espectaculares como fórmula para atraer a la audiencia y a la publicidad. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la presencia de estos concursos en la programación de las televisiones españolas entre 1990- 2000 y valorar las tendencias de su oferta, realizando un análisis de contenido de la parrilla y un análisis textual de estas producciones, en el que se valora el papel del presentador, del público y el tipo de producción. Se demostrará que la espectacularización y la erotización del género fueron los dos elementos que definieron la idiosincrasia de estos programas en el periodo analizado.Ítem Los concursos en España: percepción histórica y evolución del género (1956-1975)(Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico. Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad Complutense., 2014) Moreno Díaz, JulioEl concurso ha sido uno de los contenidos audiovisuales con mayor presencia a lo largo de la historia dela televisión mediante producciones que ofrecieron en sus narraciones un imaginario donde la puesta en escena y la gesta de los participantes lo convirtieron en el paradigma del entretenimiento televisivo. El presente artículo parte de esta premisa para analizar su importancia como referente histórico en televisión con un recorrido a través de sus formas de representación desde el inicio de la pequeña pantalla hasta los albores de la Transición en España.Ítem Digitalización de los procesos selectivos en la Administración pública. Lecciones desde el Ayuntamiento de Madrid(Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP), 2025-04-30) Cortés Abad, Óscar; Hernández Sánchez, VicenteObjetivos: estudiar los factores que facilitan la adopción de medios tecnológicos en los procesos selectivos. Metodología: estudio del caso del proceso selectivo del Ayuntamiento de Madrid, desarrollado con técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, como revisión documental, entrevistas no estructuradas y una encuesta. Resultados: este trabajo nos muestra algunas claves para sentar las bases de uso de los medios electrónicos en procedimientos administrativos. Conclusiones: se constata cómo contribuyen los factores de contexto, los intangibles, como el liderazgo y la captación, y la necesidad de medios electrónicos con madurez y calidad.Ítem Un, Dos, Tres… como paradigma del entretenimiento en la producción audiovisual de Narciso Ibáñez Serrador(La Página Ediciones, 2012) Moreno Díaz, JulioEste articulo repasa las variables de la marca de autor de Narciso Ibáñez Serrador como creador y director de Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez, paradigma del entretenimiento televisivo en la televisión en España.Ítem Fondos Next Generation UE (claves conceptuales y analíticas) = Next Generation Funds EU (Conceptual and Analytical Approaches)(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2025-04-29) Cicuéndez Santamaría, RuthResumen El objeto de esta voz es definir y analizar los fondos Next Generation EU (NGEU), un mecanismo de financiación extraordinario creado por la Unión Europea para hacer frente a la crisis derivada de la pandemia. La finalidad del nuevo instrumento es tanto promover la recuperación económica a corto plazo, como conseguir una transformación estructural del modelo económico europeo a largo plazo. El artículo ofrece un análisis detallado de las características del NGEU, entre las que destacan su elevada dotación económica, la excepcionalidad, temporalidad, condicionalidad y solidaridad. Asimismo, se examina cómo este mecanismo ha ido generando un nuevo glosario en la política presupuestaria de la Unión Europea, incorporando términos como resiliencia, planes nacionales de recuperación, o hitos y objetivos, que están redefiniendo el marco conceptual de la financiación estructural europea. Finalmente, se aborda el impacto del NGUE sobre la gobernanza multinivel y se debate sobre su potencial para configurar un nuevo paradigma en la gestión de las crisis y el proceso de integración fiscal europea. Se concluye que los fondos NGUE son algo más que un instrumento financiero, constituyen un pacto económico y político con implicaciones a largo plazo. Abstract The purpose of this entry is to define and analyze the Next Generation EU (NGEU) funds, an extraordinary financial mechanism created by the European Union in response to the crisis resulting from the pandemic. The primary objective of this novel instrument is twofold: firstly, to promote economic recovery in the short term, and secondly, to achieve a structural transformation of the European economic model in the long term. The article provides a detailed analysis of the NGEU's characteristics, highlighting its substantial financial allocation, exceptional nature, temporariness, conditionality, and solidarity. The article also examines how this mechanism is generating a new glossary in the EU's budgetary policy, introducing terms such as resilience, national recovery plans, or milestones and targets, which are redefining the conceptual framework of European structural financing. Finally, the article addresses the impact of NGEU on multi-level governance and discusses its potential to shape a new paradigm for crisis management and European fiscal integration. The conclusion drawn is that NGEU funds are not merely a financial instrument; rather, they constitute an economic and political pact with long-term implications.Ítem Architectural strategies for enhanced NILM classification and anomaly detection: Addressing limited data scenarios(Elsevier - Expert Systems With Applications, 2025-04-24) Diego-Otón, Laura de; Hernández, Álvaro; Fuentes, David; Nieto, Rubén; Navarro, Víctor M.Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) enables appliance-level behaviour analysis by examining the aggregated electrical consumption signals. These techniques hold significant potential for applications ranging from electrical load management to remote human health monitoring. Despite its potential, NILM faces challenges in adapting to evolving appliance baselines, including the integration of new devices or the replacement of existing ones. These challenges aggravate when dealing with a large number of appliances, or even more if there are overlapping energy consumption profiles, thus reducing the effectiveness of load monitoring techniques. In real-world scenarios, the scarcity of labelled data further intensifies these issues, increasing the risk of overfitting. This limits the ability of NILM models to generalise and perform effectively on unseen data. To address these limitations, this work presents some methods for accurately classifying known appliances while identifying unknown ones by using features derived from electrical current signals. The framework includes a feature extraction stage that explores neural networks with both supervised and unsupervised learning techniques to derive latent representations. Additionally, the appliance distinction stage optimises data distribution for recognised known appliances and evaluates two distinct approaches (a supervised method and a semi-supervised one) for detecting unseen appliances. Experimental evaluations demonstrate promising results, achieving over 95% accuracy for the supervised feature extraction method and 83% for the unsupervised one in classifying known appliances, even under limited data conditions. Furthermore, both approaches performed well in detecting unseen appliances, with detection rates exceeding 90% for the supervised classification method and 70% for the semi-supervised method for certain categories.Ítem Efficiency analysis of European Railway companies and the effect of demand(Elsevier, 2025-06) Benga, Arsen; Delgado Rodríguez, María Jesús; De Lucas San, Sonia; Zenelli, GledianaEnhancing the efficiency of railways is key to the future of sustainable transport. The objective of this work is to identify leading railways in Europe, investigate sources of inefficiency, and guide underperformers towards best practices. We explore efficiency for some selected 21 prominent railways during 2016–2018 using Network Data Envelopment Analysis. The ranking obtained indicates averagely low efficiency scores, with slight improvements over time. Next, we build a performance matrix to determine the priority improvements for each company. The Tobit regression implies that the nation’s wealth, length of haul, length of trip, and traffic density have a significantly positive relationship with the efficiency scores. We also observed no significant impact of companies’ outputs on their efficiency scores, indicating that any minor decrease in transport demand is unlikely to impose significant constraints on efficiency scores.Ítem Short-term fouling control by cyclic aeration in membrane bioreactors for cosmetic wastewater treatment.(Elsevier, 2015-12-01) Monsalvo, Victor; Lopez, Jesus; Martín Sómer, Miguel; Fernandez Mohedano, Ángel; Rodriguez, Juan JoséAir sparging is extensively used to mitigate membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs), which represents an important operation cost in submerged MBR. In this work, the effect of intermittent aeration mode on the membrane fouling has been studied by analysing the influence of the aeration cycle duration in a submerged MBR treating cosmetic wastewater. The long-term filtration at a permeate flux of 8.0 L m−2 h−1 and a constant specific air demand (SAD) of 1.5 m3 m−2 h−1 led to a significant increase in the transmembrane pressure (TMP) after 10 d. The tangential shear showed a limited effect on preventing the deposition of small particles, since carbohydrates and proteins present in the fouling layer were mainly smaller than 1 μm. Flocs showed a low stability under shear stress, which limits the increase in the SAD to avoid undesirable effects over the mixed liquor permeability. The intermittent aeration operation allowed the operation of the MBR under low aeration intensity (low SAD) without compromizing the fouling of the membranes. The use of aeration cycles shorter than 1 min led to an efficient control of fouling, which resulted in a negligible increase in the TMP after 2 h, operating at a permeate flux of 12.0 L m−2 h−1.Ítem Influence of light distribution on the performance of photocatalytic reactors: LED vs mercury lamps.(Elsevier, 2017-10-15) Martin Somer, MiguelUV LED technology has revolutionized the photocatalytic processes due to their significant advantages over traditional mercury-based illumination sources, specifically its higher energy efficiency. However, the use of LED also introduces important changes in the light distribution achieved inside a photocatalytic reactor that has to be considered. In this study an exhaustive comparison of three different UV-A sources (a mercury fluorescent lamp, a 8-LED based system and a 40-LED based system) with different light distribution has been carried out. Theoretical distribution of the light was modeled in Ansys Fluent v14.5. The results of photocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation show that a homogeneous light distribution allows achieving a higher photonic efficiency. The diffuse and uniform emission of the fluorescent mercury lamp partially compensates its lower energy efficiency, leading to similar results than the 8-LED system. This fact can be explained taking in consideration that electron-hole recombination is enhanced in the areas with higher radiation intensities, decreasing the overall efficiency. In the case of the 40 LED due to the improvement of the light homogeneity and energy efficiency, higher reaction rates per kWh were achieved. These results show that despite the advantages of LED, if light distribution is not optimized it can result in lighting systems less effective than traditional ones. On the opposite, for bacterial inactivation the results show that there is no clear difference when using different lighting sources. The existence of a highly non-uniform radiation field with regions of the reactor with very high intensities seems to enhance the efficiency of the direct bacterial inactivation when LED are used, compensating the decrease in the charge transfer efficiency of the semiconductor based photocatalytic process.Ítem Multitarget evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of P25-SiO2 prepared by atomic layer deposition.(MDPI, 2020-04-22) Martin Somer, Miguel; Benz, Dominik; van Ommen, Ruud; Marugan, JavierThis work presents the evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of P25 TiO2 particles, coated with SiO2, using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the photocatalytic removal of methylene blue, oxidation of methanol and inactivation of Escherichia coli bacteria in water and its comparative evaluation with bare P25 TiO2. Two different reactor configurations were used, a slurry reactor with the catalyst in suspension, and a structured reactor with the catalyst immobilized in macroporous foams, that enables the long-term operation of the process in continuous mode, without the necessity of separation of the particles. The results show that the incorporation of SiO2 decreases the efficiency of the photocatalytic oxidation of methanol, whereas a significant improvement in the removal of methylene blue is achieved, and no significant changes are observed in the photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria. Adsorption tests showed that the improvements, observed in the removal of methylene blue by the incorporation of SiO2, was mainly due to an increase in its adsorption. The improvement in the adsorption step as part of the global photocatalytic process led to a significant increase in its removal efficiency. Similar conclusions were reached for bacterial inactivation where the loss of photocatalytic efficiency, suggested by the methanol oxidation tests, was counteracted with a better adherence of bacteria to the catalyst that improved its elimination. With respect to the use of macroporous foams as support, a reduction in the photocatalytic efficiency is observed, as expected from the decrease in the available surface area. Nevertheless, this lower efficiency can be counteracted by the operational improvement derived from the easy catalyst reuse.Ítem Acidity reduction using ionic liquids: Extraction, kinetic, and theoretical study(Elsevier, 2023-07-15) Arenas-Fernández, Plácido; Aguilar-Galindo, Fernando; Suárez, Inmaculada; Coto, BaudilioNaphthenic acids (NAs) are toxic compounds naturally present in most petroleum sources with a highly variable concentration depending on their origin. Their occurrence in crude oil can produce severe corrosion problems and catalyst deactivation in oil refineries, consequently impacting their economic value and productivity. Thus, extracting and recovering the NA from crude oil is necessary. In this work, the extraction capacity of two ionic liquids (ILs) of different nature has been studied: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [EMIm][OAc], and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide, [P14,6,6,6][CCN2]. In addition, kinetic data were obtained for [P14,6,6,6][CCN2], and a theoretical kinetic model was developed to adjust the experimental data. Two extraction mechanisms have been analyzed using molecular dynamics computational simulations and quantum mechanical calculations. Molecular dynamic results show that a cluster of IL is first formed in each extraction process, and NA molecules are deposited on its surface. Different outcomes are obtained for diffusion coefficient values and radial distribution function. Furthermore, the quantum chemistry calculations show that a proton transfer is thermodynamically favorable in the case of [EMIm][OAc], thus extraction mechanism occurs through a neutralization reaction, whereas for [P14,6,6,6][CCN2], it is not, pointing to a physical extraction.Ítem Review of the internal structure of a climbing dune. The case of the Valdevaqueros dune (Cádiz, Spain)(Frontiers, 2025-04-24) Rodríguez-Santalla , I.; Gomez-Ortiz, D.; Muñoz-Perez, J.J.While the internal structure of transgressive dunes is relatively well understood, little is known about that of climbing dunes. The Valdevaqueros dune, located 10 kilometers northwest of Tarifa (Cádiz), is considered one of the largest and most active transgressive dunes in Europe, as well as one of the main climbing dunes of the Iberian Peninsula. This study analyzes the internal structure of the Valdevaqueros dune using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles. The results reveal a variety of sedimentary structures that reflect different wind intensities and directions. The findings highlight the significant role of topography in the development of these structures. These results contribute to expanding knowledge about climbing dunes, and particularly the dynamics of the Valdevaqueros dune.Ítem Immunological characterization of the rainbow trout bursa(Elsevier, 2025) Abós, Beatriz; Morel, Esther; Fernández-del Ama, Laura; Ordás, M. Camino; Vicente-Gil, Samuel; Carrasco, Juan Carlos; Koppang, Erling; Tafalla, Carolina; Herranz-Jusdado, Juan GermánThe bursa of Fabricius is an immune organ, located in the caudo-dorsal surface of the cloaca, responsible for the development and maturation of avian B cells. A few years ago, a lymphoepithelial tissue placed caudal to the urogenital papilla of the cloaca analogous to the bursa was identified for the first time in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The salmon bursa was demonstrated to involute around sexual maturation, as in birds. However, no primary lymphoid functions were identified in this tissue. In the current study, we have identified a homologous immune organ in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a different salmonid species. This lymphoepithelium covering a blind sac, caudal to the anus, was identified in rainbow trout at different stages of development and it also experienced regression in an age-dependent way. It contained abundant IgM+ B cells and CD3+ cells and especially numerous was the number of MHC II-expressing cells. In contrast to Atlantic salmon, in rainbow trout, the bursa epithelium contained quite a few IgT+ B cells but very few IgD+ B cells. Thus, by flow cytometry, we could determine that the IgM+ B cells identified in the trout bursa had lost surface IgD expression. Interestingly, although an immunization of rainbow trout by bath barely had effects on the bursa at a transcriptional level, when fish were immunized anally with a model antigen, there were significant changes in the levels of transcription of immune genes in this tissue. These included secreted igm, secreted and membrane igd, bcma and prdm1-a2. Altogether these results evidence the existence of a bursa-like immune structure in another teleost species and provide novel information to understand the immune role of this tissue in fish, pointing to a relation to gut immune responses.Ítem Bacillus subtilis supplemented feeding as a method to increase IgM titers and affinity in response to fish vaccination.(Elsevier, 2025-07) Vicente-Gil, Samuel; Simón, Rocío; Nogales-Mérida, Silvia; Nuñez-Ortiz, Noelia; Fouz, Belén; Serra, Claudia; Ordás, M. Camino; Abós, Beatriz; Herranz-Jusdado, Juan Germán; Morel, Esther; Díaz-Rosales, Patricia; Tafalla, CarolinaIn aquaculture, the use of probiotics in supplemented diets has been shown to be a suitable strategy to increase the immune status of fish and thereby reduce the impact of pathogens. Specifically, the immunostimulatory effects of the probiotic microorganism Bacillus subtilis have been widely confirmed both in vitro and in vivo in many aquacultured species. However, whether feeding fish with probiotic-enriched diets affects the adaptive immune response mounted to a vaccine has been scarcely addressed in fish. Therefore, in this study, we addressed this using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model. To this aim, fish were fed a probioticsupplemented diet or a control diet for 30 days and thereafter immunized through different administration routes with different antigenic models, including 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS), a Yersinia ruckeri bacterin or a DNA vaccine against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). The effects of the B. subtilis-supplemented diet on the systemic specific IgM responses mounted were then established. For TNPLPS, we also determined the effects of the diet on antibody affinity using a BIAcore instrument, which allows direct detection of antibody-antigen interactions by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) changes. The results presented reveal beneficial effects of feeding this probiotic on the vaccine-induced antibody response and point to the usefulness of designing holistic vaccination protocols that not only focus on antigen optimization or administration regimes, but also include diet composition as an important factor to influence the outcome of the immunization strategy.Ítem Bio-inspired Computational Intelligence Metaheuristic-Based Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis Approach to Determine Techno-Economic Feasibility of Hydrogen Refueling Stations for Fuel Cell Vehicles(Springer, 2025-04-11) OKONKWO, P.C.; NWOKOLO, S.C.; ALARIFI, S.S.; EKWOK, S.E.; ORJI, R.; UDO, S.O.; ELDOSOUKY, A.M.; BARHOUMI, E.M.; DAS, B.K.; GOMEZ-ORTIZ, D.; ABDELRAHMAN, K.; AKPAN, A.E:This study presents a comprehensive economic and technological evaluation of renewable hybrid power systems for hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) in Nizwa, Oman, leveraging cutting-edge optimization algorithms to determine the most cost-effective and efficient hybrid energy syst configurations. Three hybrid energy systems of photovoltaic-wind turbine-battery (PV-WT-B), photovoltaic-wind-fuel cell-battery (PV-WT-FC-B), and wind turbine-battery (WT-B) were evaluated based on net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). The study employs advanced optimization techniques, including the Mayfly Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, CUKO Search, Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO), Harmony Search (HS), and Flower Pollination Algorithm to determine the most viable hybrid energy system for the HRS in Nizwa. The results indicate that CPSO consistently achieves the lowest NPC, LCOE, and LCOH, whereas HS and GWO yield higher costs due to convergence inefficiencies Sensitivity analysis reveals a strong inverse correlation between PV capacity and cost metrics, highlighting the economic advantage of increased solar generation. Additionally, hybrid configurations integrating PV and wind turbine (P -WT-B, PV-WT-FC-B) significantly reduce NPC compared to WT-B, reinforcing the role of solar energy in optimizing economic costs. Furthermore, fuel cell integration (PV-WT-FC-B) imposes additional economic burdens, making PV-WT-B the most viable solution for HRS deployment in Oman. More so, the annual worth and return-on-investment analysis demonstrated that the PV-WT-B is the preferred energy system to meet the needs of the HRS in terms of investment. The findings underscore the importance of renewable energy fraction and capacity factor in energy economics, demonstrating that higher PV integration enhances sustainability and cost-efficien . This study provides a transformative framework for decarbonizing Oman’s transportation sector, offering insights into optimal hydrogen production strategies to advance the global clean energy transition.Ítem The role of communication in environmental awareness according to circular economy stakeholders(Elsevier, 2025-02) Carbonell-Alcocer, Alejandro; Romero-Luis, Juan; Gertrudix, ManuelIn order to make the transition from a linear to a circular economy, unprecedented measures are required from all social actors. Communication plays a fundamental role in this transition. The use of social marketing as an alternative to traditional communication models can promote the paradigm shift in order to increase communicative effectiveness. Understanding the perception of circular economy drivers is crucial for communication efforts aimed at persuading citizens to change their habits. To this end, this study analyzes drivers' perceptions of communication processes aimed at environmental awareness and sensitization. Using grounded theory, a qualitative methodology, 44 interviews were conducted with four groups that are considered promoters of the circular economy: Public administration and private enterprises representatives, university professors and scientific personnel. The actors' discourse was analyzed and the results show how they perceive their involvement in the transition process, the level of public awareness and the awareness-raising measures. The conclusion is: a) communication plays a fundamental role in fostering cooperation between all actors involved in the transition to a circular economy; b) communication strategies targeting society should be segmented by population groups, taking into account aspects such as area, age and level of awareness.Ítem Dynamic concentration factor: A novel parameter for the rigorous evaluation of solar compound parabolic collectors(Elsevier, 2022-01-06) Martín Sómer, Miguel; Moreno San Segundo, José; Marugán, JavierSolar-driven photoactivated processes have proven to be effective technologies for removing pathogens and chemical contaminants from water. Reflector systems are commonly used to concentrate the sunlight and improve their efficiency. Among them, compound parabolic collectors (CPC) are the most widely used, being the concentration factor (CF), their main design parameter, calculated directly from the geometry. This work presents the development of a novel parameter, called dynamic concentration factor (DCF), to assess the efficiency of a CPC as a function of the solar vector (the beam angle depends on location, season of the year and time of the day) and the reflective properties of the material. The DCF is defined as the ratio between the incident radiation reaching the receiver with and without the collector. DCF of CPC with different acceptance angles have been calculated with a ray-tracing tool and validated with experimental data from actinometry reactions. Analysis of the results has been done by plotting the dependence of the DCF versus the beam angle for increasing reflectivity indexes. This facilitates the estimation of the total radiation available to conduct a photoactivated process, whose reaction rate is proportional to the incident photons in the receiver. Global worldwide results using time-varying local solar irradiation data showed that, although the CPC with an acceptance angle of 90° (CF = 1) is commonly assumed as an optimal configuration due to its ability to concentrate diffuse radiation, the use of CPC with different acceptance angles could be more suitable in some regions of the planet.Ítem La aportación de J. E. Hartzenbusch a la consolidación de la doctrina ortográfica de la Real Academia Española en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX(Universidad de Almería, 2024-04-30) Hernando García-Cervigón, AlbertoEn este trabajo se estudia la aportación de J. E. Hartzenbusch a la consolidación de la doctrina ortográfica de la Real Academia Española en el Prontuario de ortografía de la lengua castellana, en el Prontuario de ortografía castellana en preguntas y respuestas, y en la Gramática de la lengua castellana, durante el periodo comprendido entre la promulgación de la Ley de Instrucción Pública (1857) y el final del Sexenio Democrático (1874). A tal efecto se examina, por un lado, la información contenida en las sucesivas ediciones de las obras mencionadas y, por otro, la encontrada en documentos de importante valor epihistoriográfico que aportan datos relevantes acerca de la labor concreta de nuestro académico en el marco de las reflexiones internas de la Real Academia Española. Entre estos otros materiales se encuentran las actas de las sesiones académicas celebradas ante el pleno la corporación, las actas de las sesiones de la comisión de gramática, los acuerdos académicos sobre ortografía y los materiales