Examinando por Autor "Mazurek, Jiří"

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La escala de Likert de 5 ítems y la correspondencia de la escala de porcentaje con implicaciones para el uso de modelos con variables lingüísticas (difusas)
(Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 2021) Mazurek, Jiří; Pérez-Rico, Cristina; Fernández-García, Carlos; Magnot, Jean-Pierre; Magnot, Tristan
The aim of this paper is to examine how people perceive correspondence between the 5-item Likert scale and the percentage scale (the LS-PS correspondence thereinafter). Are all five items of the Likert scale equidistant? Do people use the same scale when evaluating different objects? Are men and women different? Are people from different countries / cultures different? The method of the study was a questionnaire with 661 participating respondents altogether from the Czech Republic, Ecuador, and France. The results indicate that the 5-item Likert scale is neither equidistant, nor symmetrical. Furthermore, there are (highly) statistically significant differences in the LS-PS correspondence with respect to location, age, or gender of respondents. The results can be used as an input for more precise decision-making modeling associated with (fuzzy) linguistic variables. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar cómo las personas perciben la correspondencia entre la escala Likert de 5 ítems y la escala de porcentaje (la correspondencia LS-PS en adelante). ¿Los cinco elementos de la escala Likert son equidistantes? ¿La gente usa la misma escala al evaluar diferentes objetos? ¿Se diferencian hombres y mujeres? ¿Son diferentes las personas de diferentes países / culturas? El método del estudio fue un cuestionario con 661 encuestados participantes de la República Checa, Ecuador y Francia. Los resultados indican que la escala Likert de 5 ítems no es ni equidistante ni simétrica. Además, existen diferencias (altamente) estadísticamente significativas en la correspondencia LS-PS con respecto a la ubicación, edad o género de los encuestados. Los resultados se pueden utilizar como entrada para un modelo de toma de decisiones más preciso asociado con variables lingüísticas (difusas).
Inequality and Students´ PISA 2018 Performance: A Cross-Country Study
(Lodz University Press, 2021) Mazurek, Jiří; Fernández-García, Carlos; Pérez-Rico, Cristina
The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between countries’ PISA study results from 2018 and a set of indices related to socio‑economic inequality, such as the Gini index, human development index, or gender inequality index, along with purely economic variables, such as GDP per capita and government expenditure on education. The study covered 70 countries, consisting of 37 OECD countries and 33 non‑OECD countries. Research methods included multivariate linear regression models, k‑means clustering, and hierarchical clustering. Our findings revealed that the Gini index was statistically insignificant, indicating income inequality had little effect on students’ PISA performance. On the other hand, the gender inequality index was the single most statistically significant explanatory variable for both OECD and non‑OECD countries. Therefore, our recommendation for policymakers is simple: increase students’ PISA performance, thus enhancing countries’ human capital and competitiveness, and focus on decreasing gender disparity and the associated loss of achievement due to gender inequality.