Inequality and Students´ PISA 2018 Performance: A Cross-Country Study
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2021
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Lodz University Press
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The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between countries’ PISA
study results from 2018 and a set of indices related to socio‑economic inequality,
such as the Gini index, human development index, or gender inequality index, along
with purely economic variables, such as GDP per capita and government expenditure
on education. The study covered 70 countries, consisting of 37 OECD countries and
33 non‑OECD countries. Research methods included multivariate linear regression
models, k‑means clustering, and hierarchical clustering. Our findings revealed that
the Gini index was statistically insignificant, indicating income inequality had little
effect on students’ PISA performance. On the other hand, the gender inequality index
was the single most statistically significant explanatory variable for both OECD
and non‑OECD countries. Therefore, our recommendation for policymakers is simple:
increase students’ PISA performance, thus enhancing countries’ human capital and
competitiveness, and focus on decreasing gender disparity and the associated loss
of achievement due to gender inequality.
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Mazurek, J., García, C. F., & Rico, C. P. (2021). Inequality and Students’ PISA 2018 Performance: a Cross-Country Study. Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe, 24(3), 163-183.
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