Comparing minimum number of individuals and abundance from non-invasive DNA sampling and camera trapping in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Abstract
Applying the most appropriate sampling method is essential for estimating population size. Sampling methods and techniques to estimate abundance may be limited by environmental characteristics, species traits, specific requirements of the techniques, or the economic resources to carry out the sampling. Thus, evaluating multiple sampling methods in monitoring populations is essential for establishing effective conservation strategies. In this study, we compare two of the most commonly used sampling methods with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as the type species. On the one hand, we compared the minimum number of individuals (NI) detected by camera trapping, identifying individuals by morphological characteristics with the minimum number of individuals detected by DNA faeces and a set of 16 microsatellites. On the other hand, we estimated abundance by performing an N-mixture model using information from camera-traps to study the relationship between abundance and the minimum number of individuals detected. Results showed that the minimum NI provided by camera trapping was slightly higher than that of DNA faecal genotyping, with 23.66 and 19 individuals, respectively. In addition, abundance and NI detected by camera trapping showed a positive relationship. In contrast, there was a non-significant negative relationship between NI detected by faecal DNA and abundance estimates. Our results suggest using the minimum number of photo-identified individuals as a reliable index to study variation in red fox abundance when other advanced methods cannot be implemented in the study of population size. However, it is necessary to improve the methods of faecal sampling to study the relationship with camera-trap data.
Description
Acknowledgements We thank all the volunteers who participated in the data collection, especially Javier Hernandez, Ivan Peragón and Tamara Burgos. Special mention to Marina Sanz, Emma Valero and Gunilla Engström for their assistance in the lab. We also thank Katerina Guschanski for her helpful advice, Charles Cong Xu and Frida Lona Durazo for designing the mitochondrial primers, and Jaelle Brealey for helping with English. Funding The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.
Collections
- Artículos de Revista [4166]