Strategic decision-making in secondary schools: the impact of a principal’s demographic profile

Abstract

Purpose: Building on arguments drawn from Upper Echelons Theory, this study provides insights into how certain demographic characteristics related to principals―gender, age, tenure, and formal education―may facilitate or hinder the adoption of three generic modes of strategic decision-making: autocratic, participative, and collaborative. Design: Data were collected from a survey of Spanish secondary schools. The final sample consisted of 105 schools. The survey was administered to the principals at each school. A multinomial logistic regression was used to test the relationships between the study’s main variables of interest. Findings: There is a positive relationship between principals aged 41–50, those with a tenure at the school equal to or less than 10 years and the likelihood of implementing a participative/collaborative mode of strategic decision-making. The lower the principal’s formal education, the lower the likelihood of adopting a collaborative mode. The effect of a principal’s gender is not statistically significant. The adoption of a participative/collabora tive mode also depends on other school factors (such as, for example, a lower staff turnover or a higher teacher training). Practical implications: The measures adopted by the Spanish educational authorities might make access to the position of principal easier for younger candidates and those with a shorter tenure at the school. They might also encourage those with Master’s degree and PhD studies. As there are no significant differences in the way male and female principals make strategic decisions, the educational authorities need “not act as if there really were.” Nevertheless, considering that women are still underrepresented in leadership positions in Spanish secondary schools, our findings could also be interpreted as a further call for the adoption of measures that promote greater parity. Originality: To the best of our knowledge, there is still a lack of research exploring how certain demographic characteristics and other school factors may influence a principal’s adoption of different modes of strategic decision making. This study may also clarify how school governance works. Over the past few years, scholars, experts, and policymakers from around the world have been calling for the need to adopt models that are more participative/collaborative regarding decision-making in schools. This study could, there fore, shed light on those factors that most contribute to achieving this aim in a country with high dropout and failure rates.