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Water availability, stand structure, and hydraulic trait diversity drive forest stability
(Elsevier, 2025-10-15) Roces-Díaz, José V.; García-Valdés, Raúl; Cáceres, Miquel de; Descals, Adrià; Hurtado, Pilar; Lloret, Francisco; Espelta, Josep María; Álvarez-Martínez, José Manuel; Batllori, Enric; Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi
Forest productivity, essential for climate change mitigation, is increasingly threatened by environmental fluctuations, particularly droughts. Temporal stability in forest productivity —its ability to remain consistent over time— is influenced by climate, forest structure, community maturity, and tree composition and diversity. However, while the effect of taxonomic composition and diversity on forest stability has been extensively studied, the role of composition and diversity in drought related trait has received less attention. This study explores how drought-tolerance traits, alongside climatic and structural factors affect forest stability between 2000 and 2018 across ∼40,000 forest plots in Spain. We used satellite-derived vegetation indices as proxies for productivity to assess stability, and forest inventory data and species traits to calculate community-level drought tolerance. Water availability was the strongest positive driver of stability, with temporal stability, soil water-holding capacity, and forest maturity and density also contributing positively, though to a lesser extent. Minimum temperature had a small and negative effect. Functional diversity in drought-tolerance traits related to hydraulic safety (P50 and Hydraulic Safety Margin) had a modest but statistically significant and consistent positive effect on stability. Community-weighted mean trait values showed mixed effects. While climate was the dominant factor shaping forest stability, but our findings highlight a relevant role of drought-tolerance diversity, providing a potential mechanism to explain previous findings that drought-tolerance diversity enhances long-term productivity in drought-prone regions. This suggests that fostering drought-related functional diversification could be considered as a potential management strategy to strengthen the stability of forest ecosystem services, especially amid rising climate variability and drought frequency.
Levelling up esports research: Mapping the past, present, and future of a thriving digital arena
(Elsevier, 2025-10) Navarro-Lucena, Fernando; Molinillo, Sebastian; Anaya-Sánchez, Rafael; Muñoz-Leiva, Francisco
Electronic sports, or esports, is a rapidly expanding industry. While esports are relatively new, their attractiveness has provoked significant scientific production. The objectives of the present study are to identify the topics that have been analysed to date, the advances that have taken place in knowledge of the activity, the emerging trends and to propose future research directions. A bibliometric analysis of the relevant scientific production was undertaken through performance and co-word analyses of a database of the 1,097 articles published on esports and indexed in Scopus. The results identified six major thematic esports-related research areas: live streaming, marketing, gender, gambling, health and sports in general. Future research might examine the motivations for watching live streamings, their commercial exploitation by sponsoring companies, the possible relationship between esports and gambling and how the consumption/practise of esports affects health.
Unveiling the electrochemical threshold properties of novel aluminum‑copper bimetallic foils anodes for high reversibility li-ion batteries
(Elsevier, 2025-09-30) Prado, Javier de; Børresen, Børre T.; Utrilla, Victoria; Ureña, Alejandro
High-reversibility aluminum‑copper bimetallic anodes have been characterized to determine the threshold specific capacity necessary to ensure a highly reversible process when used as anodes in Li-ion batteries. By controlling the intercalation step, the formation of a β-AlLi surface layer on the aluminum side is promoted. This layer effectively mitigates the stress generated during the expansion and contraction associated to the charging/discharging process. The threshold specific capacity was assessed by applying four different charging steps, corresponding to 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 50 % of the experimental specific capacity of aluminum, over 100 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. Additionally, the effects of different current densities (0.5 and 1 mA/cm2) and two aluminum qualities (1XXX and 3XXX) on the reversibility of the reactions and capacity loss were analyzed. The results indicated that charging steps corresponding to a specific capacity of 200 mA.h.g−1 were identified as the threshold capacity for achieving reversible anode behavior. Although this property is the most critical factor, the threshold point also depends on various factors such as the aluminum alloy used for the bimetallic anodes and the current density applied. The use of the 3XXX alloy, which is underexplored in the literature for this application, has shown to improve electrochemical (EC) behavior, in some cases doubling the number of cycles in which the anode exhibits reversible EC behavior. Conversely, higher current densities lead to rapid volume changes, and the resulting stress cannot be relieved, thereby affecting the anode's service life.
Women empowering rural Spain: A study of entrepreneurial career satisfaction
(Elsevier, 2025-10) Morales Valero, Manuel; Moldes-Anaya, Sergio; Amber Montes, Diana; González, Cristina Cruz
Women entrepreneurs in rural Spain play a vital role in combating depopulation, yet they often encounter challenges impacting their professional satisfaction. This study investigates factors influencing satisfaction among female entrepreneurs associated with the Confederation of Rural Women (CERES). We utilized the Motivation and Conditionings of the Entrepreneurial Career Questionnaire (MCCE) with a sample of 379 cases, analyzing data using a logit model. Results reveal intrinsic motivation and Career counselling as key determinants of satisfaction. Furthermore, findings suggest that work-life balance factors may also influence satisfaction. Despite facing adversity, these women remain crucial in rural Spain's depopulation struggle.
A new pair of transformations and applications to generalized informational inequalities and Hausdorff moment problem
(Elsevier, 2025-12) Iagar, Razvan Gabriel; Puertas-Centeno, David
classes of probability densities in R. These transformations have the property of interchanging the main informational measures such as 𝑝−moments, Shannon and Rényi entropies, and Fisher information. We thus apply them in order to establish extensions and generalizations of the Stam and moment-entropy inequalities in a mirrored domain of the entropic indexes. Moreover, with the aid of the two transformations we establish formal solutions to the Hausdorff entropic moment problem by connecting them with the solutions of the standard Hausdorff problem. In addition, we introduce a Fisher-like moment problem and relate it to the standard Hausdorff moment problem.
3DGStrands: Personalized 3D Gaussian splatting for realistic hair representation and animation
(Elsevier, 2025-10) Dominguez-Elvira, Henar; Alfonso-Arsuaga, Mario; Barrueco-Garcia, Ana; Comino-Trinidad, Marc
We introduce a novel method for generating a personalized 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) hair representation from an unorganized set of photographs. Our approach begins by leveraging an out-of-the-shelf method to estimate a strand-organized point cloud representation of the hair. This point cloud serves as the foundation for constructing a 3DGS model that accurately preserves the hair’s geometric structure while visually fitting the appearance in the photographs. Our model seamlessly integrates with the standard 3DGS rendering pipeline, enabling efficient volumetric rendering of complex hairstyles. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of our approach by applying the Material Point Method (MPM) to simulate realistic hair physics directly on the 3DGS model, achieving lifelike hair animation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method to simulate hair dynamics within a 3DGS model. This work paves the way for future research that can leverage the flexible nature of 3DGS to fit more complex hair material models or enable physics properties estimation through dynamic tracking.
A Structural Integrity Perspective for the Assessment of Ageing in Composite Solid Propellants
(Wiley, 2025-07-30) Martínez, Mario; López, Raúl; Rodríguez, Jesús; Salazar, Alicia
Composite solid propellants (CSPs) are critical materials in the defence and aerospace industries, known for their complex mechanical behaviour and susceptibility to ageing. This study explores the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to discriminate the ageing degradation of CSPs based on structural integrity parameters. The research utilises data from tensile and fracture tests conducted on CSP samples subjected to three types of accelerated ageing procedures: mechanical, thermal, and ozone ageing. The PCA methodology effectively reduces the dimensionality of the dataset, facilitating the identification of distinct ageing patterns related to the measured structural integrity parameters. The findings demonstrate that PCA is a robust tool for evaluating the in-service life of CSPs, offering a comprehensive approach to monitoring and predicting their structural integrity. This methodology not only aids in the discrimination of ageing types and severities but also suggests potential for optimising surveillance programmes, leading to more cost-effective and reliable assessments.
Interactive Effects of Warming and Competition Do Not Limit the Adaptive Plastic Response to Drought in Populations of a Mediterranean Plant
(Wiley, 2025-07-25) Ramos-Muñoz, Marina; Blanco-Sánchez, Mario; Pías, Beatriz; Ramírez-Valiente, José Alberto; Benavides, Raquel; Escudero, Adrián; Matesanz, Silvia
Water scarcity is the main selective pressure determining the performance of Mediterranean plant populations, with climate change predicted to increase the intensity and duration of droughts. However, drought rarely acts in isolation. Climate change also involves substantial warming in this region and may disrupt natural processes, including biotic interactions. Phenotypic plasticity allows plants to cope with rapid and multifaceted environmental changes. Although our knowledge of plastic responses to drought in Mediterranean plants has increased in recent years, how co-occurring simultaneous stressors interact to produce additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects that enhance or constrain adaptive plastic responses to drought is still unknown. Using a factorial experimental approach based on a multivariate common garden, we assessed whether adaptive phenotypic plasticity to drought and population differentiation in traits related to drought response were affected by the occurrence of other key simultaneous stressors, warming and intraspecific competition, in a Mediterranean gypsum endemic shrub. In response to drought, plants expressed adaptive plastic responses associated with a mixed resource-use strategy, combining conservative (sclerophyllous leaves with higher water use efficiency) and acquisitive (advanced phenology) phenotypic responses. Although the response to drought was modified by synergistic and antagonistic interactions with warming and competition, these interactions did not change the direction or reduce the extent of adaptive plasticity to drought. This suggests that plastic responses to drought may also provide benefits against warming and competition. Finally, we detected significant population differentiation in all functional traits, but phenotypic differences in reproductive biomass were significantly reduced under combined drought and warming. Our results emphasize the robustness of adaptive plasticity to drought under complex stress scenarios and underscore the importance of realistic, multifactorial experimental approaches to predict whether adaptive responses of plant populations will remain effective in a climate change context and influence their future ecological and evolutionary dynamics.
A Comparative Study of Recombination Mechanisms and Long-Term Outdoor Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Including Self-Assembled Monolayers
(Wiley, 2025-06-17) Delgado-Rodríguez, Silvia; Pozo, Gonzalo del; Contreras, Pedro; Arredondo, Belén; Vishwanathreddy, Sujith; Parion, Jonathan; Ramesh, Santhosh; Aernouts, Tom; Aguirre, Aranzazu; Romero, Beatriz
Perovskite solar cells are one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies in the last decades. Inverted (p–i–n) cells using NiOX as hole-transport layer (HTL) have gained attention due to their easy fabrication methods and high stability, although they often exhibit reduced efficiencies due to non onlyoptimized energy-level alignment. To address this issue, different approaches have been developed, such as the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on top of the HTL. Herein, a comparative study between regular p–i–n cells and cells using Me-PACz as an SAM on top of NiOX is we presented. Devices with SAM exhibit enhanced open-circuit voltage and efficiency. Temperature DC and AC characterization reveals that the incorporation of SAM reduces recombination at the interface, as seen from the comparison of the perovskite bandgap (1.6 eV) and carrier activation energy ≈1.1 and ≈1.59 eV for reference and SAM, respectively. Finally, an outdoor degradation experiment with minimodules has been conducted. The experiment spanned for more than 500 days, and results show that minimodules with SAM were less stable than those based on the reference layer structure. This is due to a severe decrease in the short-circuit current, which could be attributed to a deterioration of the SAM spacer.
Graphene Nanoplatelets–PVDF Stretchable Sensors for Tactile Interaction: From Grasp Detection to Morse Code Communication
(Wiley, 2025-07-05) Díaz-Mena, Víctor; Sánchez-Romate, Xoan F.; Sánchez, M.; Ureña, A.
Conductive flexible pressure sensors based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) doped with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were fabricated via solvent casting, targeting tactile sensing applications. The electrical behavior of the sensors was assessed via direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) analysis, identifying the percolation threshold at 2.78 wt.%, with a 2D network, and outstanding stability with frequency. Pressure response was evaluated across microscale and macroscales using a microdurometer and calibrated weights. Notably, higher sensitivity was observed at the macroscale, attributed to greater network alteration, reaching a maximum sensitivity of 3.14 ± 0.15 kPa−1 at 6 wt.% GNP. This optimal formulation was further explored through proof-of-concept tactile demonstrations, including Morse code communication and grasp detection tasks. These tests revealed a strong correlation between electrical output and mechanical stimuli, underscoring the sensor's high sensitivity, responsiveness, and potential for integration into wearable human–machine interface systems.
An efficient variable neighborhood search approach for the facility location problem with the limited choice rule
(Wiley, 2025-07-14) García-Galán, Enrique; Herrán, Alberto; Colmenar, J. Manuel
One of the most common problems in the expansion of a company consists of deciding the most appropriate locations for their facilities. This decision problem, known as the facility location problem, has been studied from different perspectives, considering a number of different constraints. Among these different versions of the problem, the facility location problem with the limited choice rule considers both the cost of opening facilities and the benefit of attracting customers under a deterministic utility approach. In this work, we propose a metaheuristic approach based on variable neighborhood search to tackle this problem. Our proposal is able to obtain the best results in 296 of the 309 instances studied, compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, we propose an efficient local search that obtains a 91.5% average reduction in execution time compared to the version with the straightforward implementation. Therefore, this efficient proposal can be applied to larger instances that cannot be solved with previous approaches.
Species-specific drivers explain fish feeding and individual niche variation
(Wiley, 2025-07-13) Sánchez-Hernández, Javier; Fernández de Larrea, Iñaki; Guzmán, Ioar de; González, José M.; Larrañaga, Aitor
The trophic ecology of animals often results from complex interactions between environmental and biological drivers. Yet, studies that explore trophic ecology across multiple fish species while considering a wide range of environmental variables remain limited. In this study, we analysed diet and niche variation in fish communities across five protected areas in the northern Iberian Peninsula, examining their responses along environmental and biological gradients. Our multiple regression analyses showed that both environmental and biological drivers significantly influence fish feeding behaviour and individual specialisation, but these effects are species-specific. We propose that the primary mechanisms shaping fish feeding strategies, whether benthic foraging or surface-drift feeding, are determined by intrinsic factors such as species-specific feeding behaviours and ontogenetic stage, along with benthic macroinvertebrate density and fish density. Specifically, benthic macroinvertebrate density positively affected individual niche specialisation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Pyrenean stone loach (Barbatula quignardi), whereas it negatively impacted the Pyrenean minnow (Phoxinus bigerri). An increase in total fish density, measured as the number of fish per square meter, negatively influenced individual niche specialisation of brown trout. However, brown trout density had a positive effect on individual niche specialisation of Pyrenean stone loach and Pyrenean minnow. The findings have direct implications for conservation and restoration efforts, highlighting the importance of increasing habitat heterogeneity to meet species-specific habitat needs and promoting benthic macroinvertebrate production to support fish feeding requirements.
Lipid-associated macrophages are more abundant in subcutaneous than visceral adipose tissue in patients with obesity
(Wiley, 2025-06-29) Reyes-Farias, Marjorie; Fernández-García, Pablo; Corrales, Patricia; González, Lorena; Navarro-Sanagustín, David; Soria-Gondek, Andrea; Tarascó, Jordi; Moreno, Pau; Balibrea, José M.; Gatell, Laia; Sumoy, Lauro; Galán, María; Martínez, Ester; Villarroya, Francesc; Cereijo, Rubén; Herrero, Laura; Sánchez-Infantes, David
Objective Because white adipose tissue is infiltrated by several immune cells and their signature in individuals with obesity has not been fully characterized, we wanted to study the most abundant population, which is macrophages, a subtype of myeloid cell. Methods To address this objective, we performed transcriptomic analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)- and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-infiltrated CD11b+ myeloid cells from individuals with severe obesity. Results Our results showed that gene expression in human white adipose tissue–infiltrated CD11b+ myeloid cells was depot-dependent. The expression of lipid-associated macrophage biomarkers was higher in SAT- than VAT-infiltrated CD11b+ cells (TREM2, CD9, GPNMB, CD68). In contrast, VAT-infiltrated CD11b+ cells overexpressed genes associated with a perivascular M2-like adipose tissue macrophage signature (LYVE1, TIMD4, MRC1). In addition, no classical gene expression polarization (M1 and M2) was shown when VAT and SAT CD11b+ cells were compared. Finally, high levels of CD248, a sensor of lipids associated with insulin resistance, were found to be overexpressed in SAT- compared with VAT-infiltrated CD11b+ myeloid cells. Conclusions This study characterizes for the first time the macrophage biomarker signature in human VAT- and SAT-infiltrated CD11b+ myeloid cells from individuals with severe obesity. Further studies are required to elucidate their potential role and specific function in the immunometabolism of individuals with obesity.
Documentos cancillerescos de Cortes en la Corona de Castilla en la baja edad media
(Ediciones Complutense, 2005-07-07) PUÑAL FERNÁNDEZ, TOMÁS
Las Cortes castellanas de la baja edad media como institución jurídica productora de documentos a través de las escribanías urbanas y de la cancillería regia y la vía de despacho de Cámara como expresión de la soberanía regia y de los inicios del Estado moderno en la promulgación de leyes en un procedimiento burocrático que implica a las ciudades y al resto de los estamentos sociales y la Corona en el ejercicio de la función pública.
Modelos diplomáticos de cartas de venta según algunos ejemplos extremeños del siglo XIV
(Universidad de La Rioja, 2002-06-28) PUÑAL FERNÁNDEZ, TOMÁS
Trabajo que analiza desde el método diplomático cinco pergaminos de entre 1355 y 1400 procedentes del fondo desamortizado del convento de Santa Clara de Zafra (Badajoz) existente en la sección de Clero del AHN. sobre la venta por particulares de heredades en Zahínos, término de Jerez de los Caballeros (Badajoz), Se analizan formalmente los pergaminos en cuanto a sus caracteres externos e internos, poniendo de manifiesto su estructura documental y cláusulas jurídicas y se editan dichos documentos.
Análisis documental de los rituales de posesión en la baja edad media
(Faculta de Geografía e Historia, UNED, 2002-01-01) PUÑAL FERNÁNDEZ, TOMÁS
Las cartas de posesión constituyen uno de los tipos diplomáticos más interesantes de la documentación notarial. Carentes de los tecnicismos y cláusulas jurídicas del derecho notarial, recurren a la palabra y al gesto como símbolos provenientes de un derecho pre-notarial, consuetudinario y arcaico, generador de derechos y obligaciones, que nos indica que el traspaso de la propiedad raiz e inmueble en la baja edad media no estuvo exenta de prácticas rituales que perviven en las sociedades a lo largo de los siglos.
Continuous flowing electroless pore-plating to fabricate H2-Selective Pd-Membranes
(Elsevier, 2025-07-26) Santos-Carballés, A.J.; Vizcaíno, A.J.; Sanz, R.; Calles, J.A.; Alique, D.
This study presents a novel approach to fabricating hydrogen-selective palladium membranes by continuous flowing electroless pore-plating, hereafter referred to as cf-ELP-PP. This procedure aims to significantly advance the manufacturing processes of dense membranes. In fact, the transition from traditional batch to continuous methods enhances production efficiency and membrane quality, thus being possible to reach improved hydrogen permeation capabilities. Particularly, these novel membranes exhibited a H2-permeance ranging between 3.29⋅10􀀀 4 and 4.77⋅10􀀀 4 mol m􀀀 2 s􀀀 1 Pa􀀀 0.5 with H2/N2 ideal separation factor greater than 10,000 for the entire set of experiments. This research also addresses key challenges related to the stability and efficiency of membranes, providing relevant insights for their operation during prolonged times even if unfavorable operating conditions are adopted. All these findings underscore the potential of cf-ELP-PP membranes for effective hydrogen purification in a wide variety of future industrial applications, aligning with the increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions. Moreover, the work also paves future enhancements in hydrogen production and separation processes by providing valuable insights for researchers in fields of materials science, chemical engineering, and renewable energy technologies.
Danish Interiors and Echoes from Japan: Strategies for a Spatial Design Connected to Nature
(The Nordic Association of Architectural Research (NAF/NAAR), 2025-06-27) GARCIA SANCHEZ, CARMEN
To maximize contact with nature in promoting the health and wellbeing of populations, design strategies are urgently needed, as exemplified by numbers 3 and 11 of the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals. As an important alternative to large-scale nature-inclusive actions, which are not always possible due to space limitations, the design of the built interior environment offers an important and unexplored research field for increasing the human connection to nature. This article examines how interior design acts as an extraordinary experience of the phenomenon of nature in four post-war domestic buildings in Denmark as an inspiration for contemporary design practice. Intriguing analogies, in terms of how this interaction with nature takes place, with particular traditional Japanese architecture inform the research. The case studies offer unique biophilic experiences through sophisticated and original design expressions, whose timeless lessons are prevalent today. Based on a methodology that links architectural research and praxis, this phenomenological study provides innovative biophilic design strategies and inspiration, extending its theory and practice into a new dimension. The objective is to advance knowledge of nature-based solutions that have the potential to improve health and wellbeing through daily interaction with nature in communities. Furthermore, the study delivers a new understanding of post-war Danish domestic architecture from a contemporary perspective as well as insights into the impact of traditional Japanese architecture on it.
Social innovation communities
(Inderscience Publishers, 2017) Unceta Satrustegui, Alfonso; Castro Spila, Javier; Luna, Alvaro
The concepts of hybridity and governance have been an important line of research in the context of social companies and public institutions. The purpose of this paper is to explore these notions in the framework of hybrid communities of social innovation by showing the importance of intangible capital in the improvement of functional skills, techniques and strategies when directing people towards social innovation processes. The relevance of these skills are presented through the results of the HEDABIDE project, a piloting research experience focused on the design of hybrid communities of social innovation in the province of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain) in 2014. The results of this project show the implications of social interactive spaces in acquiring different skills, competences and capabilities for social innovation inside communities of learning and practice when addressing social problems, concluding with a series of learned lessons and new paths of future research.
Discursos y praxis de la innovación en entidades de la C.A. del País Vasco: Un análisis aplicado
(Editorial CSIC, 2011-12-30) Auxkin Galarraga Ezponda; Álvaro Luna García; Sandra González Durán; Marcelino Massa Carrasquello
El presente artículo está basado en una investigación realizada por el grupo de investigación “Cambio, complejidad e Innovación” perteneciente a ASCIDE (Asociación Sociedad del Co-nocimiento, Desarrollo e Innovación), en un intento por dilucidar los discursos y las prácticas que giran en torno al concepto de inno-vación dentro de las entidades de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. El objetivo principal de este estudio era conocer los entresijos que envuelven al concepto de innovación y a las formas en las que dicho concepto se emplea más allá de las connotaciones empresa-riales y científicas que dicho concepto ya posee, extendiendo, por tanto, los ámbitos de análisis del mismo a lugares vinculados con la cultura, lo social, lo institucional y lo educativo.

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