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3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurements

dc.contributor.authorToledo, Javier
dc.contributor.authorRuiz-Díez, Víctor
dc.contributor.authorVelasco, Jaime
dc.contributor.authorHernando-García, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorSánchez-Rojas, José Luis
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-06T08:35:39Z
dc.date.available2024-02-06T08:35:39Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-18
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10115/29722
dc.description.abstractThe in-line monitoring of liquid properties, such as density and viscosity, is a key process in many industrial areas such as agro-food, automotive or biotechnology, requiring real-time automation, low-cost and miniaturization, while maintaining a level of accuracy and resolution comparable to benchtop instruments. In this paper, 3D-printed cuboid-shaped liquid cells featuring a rectangular vibrating plate in one of the sides, actuated by PZT piezoelectric layers, were designed, fabricated and tested. The device was resonantly excited in the 3rd-order roof tile-shaped vibration mode of the plate and validated as a density-viscosity sensor. Furthermore, conditioning circuits were designed to adapt the impedance of the resonator and to cancel parasitic effects. This allowed us to implement a phase-locked loop-based oscillator circuit whose oscillation frequency and voltage amplitude could be calibrated against density and viscosity of the liquid flowing through the cell. To demonstrate the performance, the sensor was calibrated with a set of artificial model solutions of grape must, representing stages of a wine fermentation process. Our results demonstrate the high potential of the low-cost sensor to detect the decrease in sugar and the increase in ethanol concentrations during a grape must fermentation, with a resolution of 10 µg/mL and 3 µPa·s as upper limits for the density and viscosity, respectively.es
dc.language.isoenges
dc.publisherSensors - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)es
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject3D-printinges
dc.subjectActuatorses
dc.subjectDensityes
dc.subjectIn-linees
dc.subjectLow-costes
dc.subjectMonitoringes
dc.subjectOscillator circuites
dc.subjectPiezoelectrices
dc.subjectPZTes
dc.subjectViscosityes
dc.title3D-Printed Liquid Cell Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation for In-Line Density-Viscosity Measurementses
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s21227654es
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses


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Attribution 4.0 InternationalExcept where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International