Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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2025-01-09
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Background: The proteomic analysis of serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) could
be a useful tool for studying the pathophysiology of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative
colitis (UC), as well as for biomarker discovery. Aims: To characterize the proteomic composition
of serum EVs in patients with CD and UC to identify biomarkers and molecular
pathways associated with pathogenesis and activity. Methods: Serum EVs were enriched
and analyzed in patients with quiescent CD, active CD (aCD), quiescent UC, active UC
(aUC), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 30 per group). All groups were matched for age
and sex. Disease activity was assessed by ileocolonoscopy and categorized based on the
SES-CD (CD) and the endoscopic sub-score of the Mayo Score (UC). EVs were enriched
by ultracentrifugation, and their size and concentration were determined by nanoparticle
tracking analysis. The expression of CD63, CD81, and CD9 was determined using Western
blotting. Proteomic analysis was performed by label-free nano-LC MS/MS. Results: A total
of 324 proteins were identified; 60 showed differential abundance in CD-HC, 34 in UCHC,
and 21 in CD-UC. Regarding disease activity, the abundance of 58 and 32 proteins
was altered in aCD-HC and aUC-HC, respectively. Functional analyses revealed that proteins
associated with aCD were involved in immune regulation, whereas those linked to aUC were enriched in oxidative stress. Conclusions: We have identified expressed proteins
between EVs from patients with CD and UC, depending on the presence of disease,
the disease type, and the disease activity. These proteins are potential candidates as disease
biomarkers and open new research avenues to better understand these conditions.
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