Imported cysticercosis in Spain: A retrospective case series from the +REDIVI Collaborative Network
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2020-04-23
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Elsevier
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Abstract
Background
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic neurological disease worldwide and a major cause of epilepsy. Spain is the country reporting the highest number of NCC imported cases in Europe.
Methodology
Retrospective case series of NCC patients registered in the +REDIVI Network from October 1, 2009 to July 2018. A specific questionnaire, including clinical and diagnostic characteristics, was created and sent to the collaborator centers.
Results
46 cases were included in the analysis. 55% were male, mean age of 40 years. 95.6% were migrants. The median duration since migration from an endemic area was 10 years. Predominant nationalities were Ecuadorians (50%) and Bolivians (30.4%). Frequent locations were parenchymal (87%), subarachnoid (26.1%) and intraventricular cysts (10.9%). Serological analysis was performed in 91.3%, being 54.8% positive. Most prevalent clinical manifestations were persistent headache (60.9%), epilepsy (43.5%) and visual changes (13%). Patients were mainly treated with albendazole (76.1%), corticosteroids (67.4%), and anticonvulsionants (52.2%). 82.5% had a favorable clinical outcome.
Conclusions
Most NCC cases were long-standing migrants. Few clinical differences were observed depending on the cysticerci location. The treatment was often not according to current recommendations, and no uniform criteria were followed when it came to the therapeutic regimen. NCC case management in Spain (including clinician awareness and laboratory capacity improvements) needs to be strengthened.
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Zaida Herrador, José A. Pérez-Molina, César Augusto Henríquez Camacho, Azucena Rodriguez-Guardado, Pau Bosch-Nicolau, Eva Calabuig, Angel Domínguez-Castellano, María Asunción Pérez-Jacoiste, M. Concepción Ladrón de Guevara, Ana Mena, Jose Manuel Ruiz-Giardin, Diego Torrús, Philip Wikman-Jorgensen, Agustín Benito, Rogelio López-Vélez, Paloma Aguilera, María Martínez Serrano, Magdalena García Rodriguez, Marta Díaz Menendez, Yolanda Meije, Joaquim Martínez-Montauti, Xavier Sanz, Isabel Pacheco Tenza, Inmaculada Gonzalez Cuello, Belén Martínez López, Jara Llenas-García, Mar Masiá, Sergio Padilla, Mónica Romero, José Manuel Ramos Rincón, Ines Suarez, Ana Perez-Ayala, Juan María Herrero, Manuel Lizasoain, Pablo Rojo, Mariano Matarranz, Carlos Zarco, Jonathan Fernández Suárez, Jose Antonio Boga Ribeiro, Josune Goikoetxea Aguirre, Miren Zuriñe Zubero Sulibarría, Juan Victor Sanmartín López, María Velasco Arribas, María Peñaranda Vera, Israel Molina, Adrián Sánchez Montalvá, Fernando Salvador, Begoña Monge-Maillo, Francesca Norman, Sandra Chamorro Tojeiro, Begoña Treviño-Maruri, Nuria Serre Delcor, Antonio Soriano-Arandes, Diana Pou Ciruelo, Cristina Bocanegra, Imported cysticercosis in Spain: A retrospective case series from the +REDIVI Collaborative Network, Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Volume 37, 2020, 101683, ISSN 1477-8939, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101683
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